The Impact of Political Risk and Institutions on Food Security

Abdullah Abdullah,Muhammad Akbar Awan,Wang Qingshi,Junaid Ashraf

doi:10.12944/crnfsj.8.3.21

Abstract

The most challenging problem in today’s world is food insecurity, an estimated approximately 832 million people around the world suffer from a lack of adequate and healthy food on a regular basis for their life. This problem is likely to intensify around the world due to high political risk and weak institutions. Hence, this study utilizes the country-level data, covering 124 countries in Asia, Africa, Europe, Latin America, and the Caribbean between 1984-2018 to examine the impact of political risk and institutions on food security, proxied by Dietary energy supply (DES). We have finalized the System-GMM from Pooled-OLS, Fixed-effect, Difference-GMM, and System-GMM, to recover the potential endogeneity and unobserved heterogeneity of the independent variables. Our outcomes provide supportive evidence that internal and external conflicts, socioeconomic conditions, corruption, military in politics, religious tensions, ethnicity tensions, and poor quality of bureaucracy worsen food security in developed and developing countries. While government stability, the role of law and order, democratic accountability, and investment profile affect the food supply positively and significantly.

Highlights

Reducing the number of people suffering from severe food insecurity has improved significantly over the past decades
This study focuses on several aspects of political risk and seeks to identify the factors of the political risks that are most important to food security.b Logically, it should be noted that political risk has a significant negative effect on food security in countries; uncertainty in food security comes due to several factors of high political risks and worsening political institutions,c such as incompetence in government bureaucracy and corruption, unemployment and poverty, religious and ethnicity tension, internal and external conflicts, and when military involves in politics
Regarding the political risk rating, Yemen had the lowest level with 2129 dietary energy supply (DES) in 2018, In contrast, the United states of America had the highest level with 3828 DES in 2018

Summary

Introduction

Reducing the number of people suffering from severe food insecurity has improved significantly over the past decades. Many countries still have severe food insecurity, whether they are developing or developed countries.[1,2,3,4] As the Food and Agriculture Organization (FAO) found, 800 million people are hungry and an extra population burden; globally, it is challenging to eradicate hunger.[5] Food insecurity has an extreme effect on health, individual CONTACT Abdullah. Res. Nutr Food Sci Jour., Vol 8(3) 924-941 (2020)

Objectives

Methods

Results

Conclusion