Abstract
Selenium (Se) is a necessary trace element for humans and animals, and Se fertilization is an efficient way to increase Se concentration in the edible parts of crops, thus enhance the beneficiary effects of Se in human and animal health. Due to the similarity of physical and chemical properties between phosphate () and selenite (), phosphorus (P) supply often significantly impacts the absorption of Se in plants, but little is known about how P supply influences the subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Se. In this study, the effects of P supply on subcellular distribution and chemical forms of Se in winter wheat were investigated in a hydroponic trial with medium Se level (0.1 mg Se L-1). P was applied with three concentrations (0.31, 3.1, and 31 mg P L-1) in the experiment. The results showed that increasing P supply significantly decreased the concentration and accumulation of Se in the roots, stems, and leaves of winter wheat. An increase in P supply significantly inhibited Se accumulation in the root cell wall, but enhanced Se distribution in the organelles and soluble fraction of root cells. These findings suggest that increased P supply inhibited the root-to-shoot transport of Se. An increase in P supply enhanced Se accumulation in the cell wall of plant stems (both apical and axillary stem) and cell organelles of plants leaves, but inhibited Se distribution in the soluble fraction of stems and leaves. This suggests that P supply enhances Se transportation across the cell membrane in shoots of winter wheat. In addition, increased P supply also altered the chemical forms of Se in tissues of winter wheat. These findings will help in understanding of the regulation grain Se accumulation and provide a practical way to enhance Se intake for humans inform Se-enriched grains.
Highlights
Selenium (Se) is a necessary trace element for human, and the critical components of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and prosthetic group of many enzymes (Awasthi et al, 1975; Rotruck et al, 1980)
During previous studies (Mora et al, 2008; Sanghun et al, 2011), it was observed that moderate P supply combined with Se fertilization could increase grain yield while P application had a negative effect on increasing grain Se concentration, avoiding excessive P application in agricultural practice is critical for the balance of obtaining higher grain yield and appropriate grain Se concentration in plants
It was observed that the interaction of P and Se in plants often focused on Se absorption and translocation, but less attention has been paid to the Se subcellular distribution and chemical form transformation (Mora et al, 2008; Sanghun et al, 2011)
Summary
Selenium (Se) is a necessary trace element for human, and the critical components of glutathione peroxidase (GSH-Px) and prosthetic group of many enzymes (Awasthi et al, 1975; Rotruck et al, 1980). Se plays important roles in antioxidation, detoxification, and high immunity for human beings. To increase the intake of Se for human beings, Se supplements in soil or through foliage spray producing Se-enriched food from corps have been a popular. Se is not an essential element for plants, low concentrations of Se have beneficial effects on plant growth and yield. Se was found to elevate antioxidant activity, stimulate starch accumulation in chloroplasts, and ameliorate the toxic effects of several HMs in plants (Pennanen et al, 2002; Turakainen et al, 2004; Malik et al, 2012). A better understanding of the basic mechanism about Se absorption and transport in plants is important to enhance Se accumulation and Se intake in the human diet while not affecting plant growth
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