The Impact of Perioperative Fluid Balance on Postoperative Complications after Esophagectomy for Esophageal Cancer

Abstract

Background: Perioperative fluid balance is an important indicator in the management of esophageal cancer patients who undergo esophagectomy. However, the association between perioperative fluid balance and postoperative complications after minimally invasive esophagectomy (MIE) remains unclear. Methods: This study included 115 patients with thoracic esophageal squamous cell cancer who underwent MIE between January 2018 and January 2020. We retrospectively evaluated the association between perioperative fluid balance from during surgery to postoperative day (POD) 2, and postoperative complications. Results: The patients were divided into lower group and higher group based on the median fluid balance during surgery and at POD 1 and POD 2. We found that the higher group at POD 1 (≥3000 mL) was the most important indicator of postoperative complications, such as acute pneumonia within 7 days after surgery, and anastomotic leakage (p = 0.029, p = 0.024, respectively). Moreover, the higher group at POD 1 was a significant independent factor for acute postoperative pneumonia by multivariate analysis (OR: 3.270, 95% CI: 1.077–9.929, p = 0.037). Conclusion: This study showed that fluid overload at POD 1 had a negative influence on postoperative complications in patients with esophageal cancer. The fluid balance must be strictly controlled during the early postoperative management of patients undergoing esophageal cancer surgery.