The Impact of Pedestrian and Nonmotorized Vehicle Violations on Vehicle Emissions at Signalized Intersections in the Real World: A Case Study in Beijing

Jianchang Huang,Lei Yu,Jianbo Zhang,Yizheng Wu,Guohua Song,Zufen Li,Keping Li

doi:10.1155/2021/8849234

Abstract

Emission around intersections has become an issue in the urban traffic network. This paper aims to investigate the impact of pedestrian and nonmotorized vehicle violations on emissions at mixed-traffic flow intersection based on the volumes of vehicles, nonmotor vehicles, and pedestrians. Also, it focuses on the arterial and collector intersections with high vehicle volume and limited space. Running red light and crossing intersection diagonally are two critical violations, accounting for 91.75% of effective violations (interference with vehicles’ operation). In this context, a violation blocking model is developed to estimate the blocking probability for each vehicle based on the volumes of pedestrians and nonmotor vehicles. The model includes two scenarios. (1) Through phase: the violation blocking model of running red light is developed based on the survival curve (the relationship between waiting time and running red light probability). (2) Left-turn phase: the violation blocking model at this phase includes two parts: (i) crossing the intersection diagonally model is developed for the first vehicle and (ii) running red light model is developed for subsequent vehicles. The existing emission model can estimate the emissions based on the blocking positions. In the case study, emissions increase with the vehicle volume approaching the saturated flow rate and the volumes of nonmotor vehicles and pedestrians increasing. Results show that the maximum emission increase of CO (carbon monoxide) for through phase and left-turn phase can reach 16.7% and 36.4%.

Highlights

Emission around intersections has become an issue in the urban traffic network. [1], especially in densely populated metropolitans
(2) Left-turn phase: the violation blocking model at this phase includes two parts: (i) crossing the intersection diagonally model is developed for the first vehicle and (ii) running red light model is developed for subsequent vehicles. e existing emission model can estimate the emissions based on the blocking positions
The arterial and collector intersections have a higher proportion of the effective violations, due to the high vehicle volume and limited space. ere are more conflicts and violations between the three components in limited space. erefore, this paper aims to investigate the impact of pedestrian and nonmotorized vehicle violations on emissions at arterial and collector intersections

Summary

Introduction

Emission around intersections has become an issue in the urban traffic network. [1], especially in densely populated metropolitans. Emission around intersections has become an issue in the urban traffic network. Previous studies illustrate that high emissions mainly resulted from the stop-and-go vehicle activities at the intersection [2,3,4], which further lead to high pollutant exposure pedestrians around the intersections [5]. Frequent violations can merely intensify the traffic risk and increase the stopand-go activities (see Figure 1). Few studies have investigated the impact of violations of pedestrians and nonmotorized vehicles on the vehicle emissions at real world intersections. A violation blocking model based on real world data is recently developed instead of hypothetical violations [7]. The main problem is that how many emissions were caused by pedestrian and nonmotorized vehicle violations based on the volumes of vehicles, nonvehicles, and pedestrians in the real world

Objectives

Results

Conclusion