Abstract
espanolEl offshoring es una estrategia que se utiliza ampliamente para reducir costes, aumentar la productividad y flexibilidad de las empresas. En consecuencia, busca mejorar la posicion competitiva de la empresa en sus mercados. Partiendo de la literatura de la economia internacional, la vision de la empresa basada en los recursos y la teoria de los costes de transaccion, se plantea que el offshoring ayuda a las empresas a exportar, no solo por el aumento en su productividad y flexibilidad sino por proporcionar conocimiento y experiencia sobre los mercados extranjeros. Desde este marco se presenta un estudio empirico sobre empresas manufactureras espanolas que confirma que las empresas que hacen offshoring exportan mas y que este efecto es mayor en las empresas pequenas que en las grandes. EnglishOffshoring is a strategy that has been widely used as a mean to reduce costs, increase firms’ productivity and flexibility. Consequently, it is aimed to improve the competitive situation of the firm in its markets. But beyond this effect, we depart from international business literature, the resourcebased view and transaction cost economics to argue that offshore helps firms to export, not only because it increases its productivity and flexibility but because it provides some knowledge and expertise to develop themselves in international markets. Departing from this framework, we present an empirical study over Spanish manufacturers that confirms that firms that offshore export more, and that this extra effect is larger in small firms than in large ones.
Highlights
Existing empirical evidence reveals that offshoring processes have been increasingly expanding throughout the world since the 1990s
The results reveal that the offshoring factor, together with the increase in trading relations with countries with greater economic growth explain seventy per cent of the export growth from the year 2000
This paper contributes to the literature on the consequences of offshoring, focused on the export behaviour of those firms according to their offshoring strategy
Summary
Existing empirical evidence reveals that offshoring processes have been increasingly expanding throughout the world since the 1990s. The most recent theoretical models of international trade (Olsen, 2006; Blinder, 2006; Grossman and Rossi-Hansberg, 2006; Helpman, 2011) reveal that the new patterns of trade, based on the international fragmentation of production and the international specialisation on the most efficient phases of the value chain rather than on the final output, give rise to gains in efficiency and welfare and, boost economic growth in the long term. There is empirical evidence, based on both industry data (Amiti and Wei 2009; Winkler 2010; Michel and Rycx 2012; Agnese 2012; Cadarso, 2008, Bogliacino et al 2018) and business data 2010; Liu and Trefler 2008; Martins and Opromolla 2009; Amiti and Davis 2011; Krishna 2011; Hummels et al, 2014) of the existence of short-term negative effects on employment and wages There is empirical evidence, based on both industry data (Amiti and Wei 2009; Winkler 2010; Michel and Rycx 2012; Agnese 2012; Cadarso, 2008, Bogliacino et al 2018) and business data (Görg and Hanley 2005; Hijzen et al 2015; Crinò, R. 2010; Liu and Trefler 2008; Martins and Opromolla 2009; Amiti and Davis 2011; Krishna 2011; Hummels et al, 2014) of the existence of short-term negative effects on employment and wages
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