The impact of obstructive sleep apnea and comorbidity status on cardiovascular outcomes in patients with acute coronary syndrome

Abstract

Background and aimsThe association of comorbidities on the prognosis of patients with acute coronary syndrome (ACS) was well documented. However, the impact of obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) on this association has been less studied. Methods and resultsBetween June 2015 to Jan 2020, we included consecutively eligible patients with ACS who underwent cardiorespiratory polygraphy. The definition of OSA was apnea-hypopnea index (AHI) ≥15 events/hour. Charlson Comorbidity Index (CCI) was used to evaluate the comorbidities. The primary endpoint was major adverse cardiovascular and cerebrovascular events (MACCE), including cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, stroke, ischemia-driven revascularization, and hospitalization for unstable angina or heart failure. In the 1927 ACS patients, 1014 (52.6%) had OSA. The prevalence of the mild (CCI = 0), moderate (CCI = 1–2), and severe (CCI≥3) comorbidity were 23.6%, 65.9%, and 10.5%, respectively. During a median follow-up of 2.9 (1.5, 3.6) years, compared with patients without OSA, the presence of OSA increased the risk of MACCE in the moderate comorbidity group (22.6% vs. 17.5%; adjusted HR: 1.327; 95% CI: 1.019–1.728, p = 0.036) and severe comorbidity group (36.2% vs. 18.6%; adjusted HR: 2.194; 95% CI: 1.170–4.117, p = 0.014). There was no significant difference between OSA and non-OSA patients in the mild comorbidity group. ConclusionAmong ACS patients, OSA was associated with an increased risk of subsequent events in the moderate and severe comorbidity groups but not in the mild comorbidity group. ACS patients with comorbidities should not be overlooked for OSA screening.