The impact of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on oral health-related quality of life.

Maria Augusta Ramires Da Silva,Renata Iani Werneck,Ana Paula Wobeto,Luciana Reis Azevedo-Alanis,Isis De Fátima Balderrama

doi:10.1590/1678-7757-2017-0145

Abstract

Nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P) compromises oral health, leading to missing or malformed teeth, and hampering oral hygiene. Apart from anatomic damages, NSCL±P also culminates in an impact on the routine quality of life with social privation and psychological embarrassment.ObjectiveTo evaluate the impact of NSCL±P on oral health-related quality of life.Material and MethodsThe study was classified as exploratory and descriptive, with quantitative approach. Patients with NSCL±P treated between August 2013 and September 2014 at the Cleft Lip and Palate Integral Care Center (CAIF), Curitiba, Brazil, were invited to participate. Age and sex-related data were collected, as well as level of education, financial income, type of orofacial cleft, use of orthodontic and prosthetic appliances, and number of previous orofacial surgeries. Selected patients were asked to answer the Oral Impact on Daily Performance (OIDP) questionnaire designed to measure the impact of oral health on daily performances.ResultsThe sample was composed of 103 (44.59%) women and 128 (55.41%) men, with mean age of 19.74 ± 10.20 (7–65) years. The OIDP values ranged from 1 to 175 in 114 (49.35%) patients (mean: 22.38), whereas 117 patients (50.65%) presented total OIDP value equal to zero. High negative impact of NSCL±P on daily performances was detected when associated with the female sex (p=0.037). Daily performances related to phonetics (OIDP2; 2.63) and aesthetics (OIDP5; 2.48) presented the highest average values when compared to other daily performances, except OIDP6. The main symptoms and reported oral problems comprised the aesthetic dissatisfaction.ConclusionsAlmost half of the patients evaluated in this study showed negative impact of NSCL±P in the performance of daily activities.

Highlights

Apart from anatomic damages, NSCL±P culminates in an impact on the routine quality of life with social privation and psychological embarrassment
Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common congenital disorder18 resulting from the lack of merging between the embryonary structures that precede the formation of lip and palate6
Because NSCL±P patients may present social, phonetic and aesthetic disorders, as well as hampered oral hygiene, our study aimed to evaluate the impact of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate on oral health-related quality of life

Summary

Introduction

Cleft lip with or without cleft palate is a common congenital disorder resulting from the lack of merging between the embryonary structures that precede the formation of lip and palate. About 70% of oral clefts occur as a nonsyndromic form, and the remaining 30% are associated with Mendelian disorders or chromosomal, teratogenic and sporadic conditions. The prevalence of nonsyndromic cleft lip with or without cleft palate (NSCL±P) varies according to ethnicity and geographic position; in Brazil, it is estimated at 0.99 (95% confidence interval, 9.6–10.2) per 1,000 live births. NSCL±P etiology is related to a complex interplay between environmental exposures, genetic, and epigenetic factors. The relation between dental loss and oral cleft is still being discussed, indicating that critical factors in the pathogenesis of the cleft lip are critical for the odontogenesis, showing possible different subphenotypes. Apart from anatomic damages, NSCL±P culminates in an impact on the routine quality of life with social privation and psychological embarrassment

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