The impact of neurofeedback training on children with developmental trauma: A randomized controlled study.

Abstract

Developmental trauma or chronic early childhood exposure to abuse and neglect by caregivers has been shown to have a long-lasting pervasive impact on mental and neural development, including problems with attention, impulse control, self-regulation, and executive functioning. Its long-term effects are arguably the costliest public health challenge in the United States. Children with developmental trauma rarely have a satisfactory response to currently available evidence-based psychotherapeutic and pharmacological treatments. Neurofeedback training (NFT) is a clinical application of brain computer interface technology, aiming to alter electrical brain activity associated with various mental dysfunctions. NFT has shown promise to improve posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) symptoms. This randomized controlled study examined the effects of NFT on 37 children, aged 6-13 years with developmental trauma. Participants were randomly divided into active NFT (n = 20) or treatment-as-usual control (n = 17). Both groups underwent 4 assessments during equivalent timelines. The active group received 24 NFT sessions twice a week. This pilot study demonstrated that 24 sessions of NFT significantly decreased PTSD symptoms, internalizing, externalizing, other behavioral and emotional symptoms, and significantly improved the executive functioning of children aged 6-13 years with severe histories of abuse and neglect who had not significantly benefited from any previous therapy. NFT offers the possibility to improve learning, enhance self-efficacy, and develop better social relationships in this hitherto largely treatment-resistant population. (PsycInfo Database Record (c) 2020 APA, all rights reserved).