Abstract
The larger the sample size per operational taxonomic unit (OTU), the higher the probability of identifying the correct character state for that OTU. Large numbers of characters are essential to assure the accuracy and stability of a phylogenetic reconstruction. Both large sample sizes and large numbers of characters are desirable, but given limited time and resources, cladistic analysis often involves a trade-off between the number of specimens one can study per OTU versus the number of characters one has time to discover. For a given data set, what balance of sample size and character number will yield an acceptably small error (the probability that a recognized clade is false) and yet achieve sufficient power (the probability of recognition of a valid clade)
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