Abstract
The study conducted in this paper is focused on a predominantly residential area of the City of Ljubljana—Koseze, which is characterized by generally favorable (bio)climatic conditions. Nonetheless, thermal satellite images showed that residential neighborhoods within the Koseze district display unexpected variations in summer temperatures. This observation called into question the benefits of existing bioclimatic features and indicated the need to investigate and compare two neighborhoods with similar urban parameters, with the aim to identify morphological differential characteristics impacting urban heat island (UHI) intensity. By applying the study methodology based on a literature review, surveys of key precedents, detailed mapping in two Koseze locations, in situ measurements, observations and recordings, thermal imagery, and the analyses of statistical data, as well as by defining the four main categories of morphological urban parameters—structure, cover, fabric and metabolism, it was concluded that both neighborhoods have common morphological elements mitigating the UHI effect. Additionally, it was found that the neighborhood with higher UHI intensity has several less favorable features, such as busier roads, larger surface of parking corridors, and the existence of underground parking space. The traffic as an element of urban morphology hence represents the main cause of differences among UHI levels in the two Koseze neighborhoods.
Highlights
Numerous negative manifestations of climate change, such as the changes in humidity, clouds, rain patterns, the strength and frequency of weather events, and the damage done by weather [1], as well as the increase of air, ground and ocean temperature, being the direct response to global warming, progressively affect local and global environment
By applying the study methodology based on a literature review, surveys of key precedents, detailed mapping in two Koseze locations, in situ measurements, observations and recordings, thermal imagery, and the analyses of statistical data, as well as by defining the four main categories of morphological urban parameters—structure, cover, fabric and metabolism, it was concluded that both neighborhoods have common morphological elements mitigating the urban heat island (UHI) effect
It was found that urban networks and structures play an important role in temperature conditions in the built environment; the results show that building form, orientation, and layout are among the most efficient strategies for mitigating the UHI effect [6]
Summary
Numerous negative manifestations of climate change, such as the changes in humidity, clouds, rain patterns, the strength and frequency of weather events (fog, snow, storms), and the damage done by weather [1], as well as the increase of air, ground and ocean temperature, being the direct response to global warming, progressively affect local and global environment. “Urban areas are especially vulnerable to high temperature, which will intensify in the future due to climate change” [3] Its local manifestations, and the features of a city itself together contribute to the occurrence of different negative alterations and phenomena such as the intensification of the urban heat island (UHI). UHI effect is a phenomenon where significant temperature difference between inner micro-climates of a city and their neighboring micro-climates can be perceived [4]. Increased ambience temperatures deteriorate the physical well-being of a city’s population, as a result of thermoregulatory system damage induced by heat stress in the form of heat syncope, thermal exhaustion, cardiovascular stress, cardiorespiratory diseases, and heat stroke [4]
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