The impact of misinformation on social media in the context of natural disasters

Abstract

Abstract Background Rapid dissemination of information during natural disasters plays a crucial role in managing public responses and ensuring safety. Social media can be a tool to disseminate lifesaving information but is also a ground for the propagation of misinformation. This study examines the impact of misinformation spread through social media in the context of natural disasters and explores related dynamics, effects, and countermeasures. Methods Cochrane and PRISMA recommendations were used for protocol development and sound reporting. Key terms related to misinformation, social media and natural disasters were used, with the search conducted in PubMed, and without time limitation for adequate capture. Only research papers in English were eligible for inclusion. Journal and article quality were considered. No restriction was imposed on country or age of target populations. Results Findings reveal significant influence of misinformation on public behaviour during disasters, often leading to panic and hindering effective disaster management. Specific characteristics of misinformation were identified, incl. its origins and spread mechanisms; proximity -both spatial and social- was found to be a critical factor in terms of spread and reach. Emerging evidence highlights the importance of trusted sources to effectively counter misinformation, yet response time remains a critical challenge. Technical detection of misinformation can help combat it but requires further enhancements for real-time application in diverse disaster scenarios. Conclusions Misinformation on social media poses complex challenges to disaster management, affecting both individual and societal resilience. Proactive communication strategies are critical, as is the development of advanced verification tools, and public education strategies to combat misinformation. Future research should focus on refining strategies to enhance disaster preparedness and response, ensuring a resilient and well-informed public.