Abstract
The aims of the study were to evaluate the effect of media composition on the growth potential and morphology of the in vitro cultured biomass of three cultivars of Hypericum perforatum, and on the production of flavonoids. Agitated shoot cultures were maintained in parallel on Linsmaier and Skoog (LS) and Murashige and Skoog (MS) media supplemented with 0.1–3.0 mg L−1 of α-naphthaleneacetic acid and 6-benzylaminopurine. Methanolic extracts from the biomass collected after 3-wk growth cycles were analyzed quantitatively, for 21 flavonoids using high performance liquid chromatography. Three aglycones (kaempferol, luteolin, and quercetin) and three glycosides of quercetin (hyperoside, quercitrin, and rutoside) were detected in all of the extracts. The total amounts of the estimated compounds increased from 1.18- to 21.66-fold on LS media variants and from 1.52- to 17.34-fold on MS media variants. The main metabolite was quercetin (max. 210.55 mg 100 g−1 dry weight [DW]). The maximum total amounts of all compounds in the biomass of ‘Elixir,’ ‘Helos,’ and ‘Topas’ were 328.53, 255.70, and 166.58 mg 100 g−1 DW, respectively. The shoots of all cultivars cultivated on the LS and MS media containing low levels of plant growth regulators (0.1 mg L−1) accumulated high amounts of flavonoids. The highest amounts were accumulated in shoots of cultivar ‘Elixir’ grown on MS medium. This is the first comparison of flavonoid production in three cultivars of H. perforatum (‘Elixir,’ ‘Helos,’ and ‘Topas’) cultured in vitro, and the first report of flavonoid production in cultivars ‘Elixir’ and ‘Helos.’
Highlights
Flavonoids, as polyphenolic plant metabolites, have been an object of special interest in recent years due to their antioxidant properties
The aim of the present research was to evaluate the effect of Linsmaier and Skoog (LS; Linsmaier and Skoog 1965) and Murashige and Skoog (MS; Murashige and Skoog 1962), basal media, and αnaphthaleneacetic acid (NAA) and 6-benzylaminopurine (BAP) on the production of bioactive flavonoids, by cells from in vitro cultures in an agitated in vitro system of H. perforatum cultivars ‘Elixir,’ ‘Helos,’ and ‘Topas’ using a high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) technique
Initial in vitro cultures The initial cultures were maintained on solid (Phyto agar, Duchefa Biochemie, Haarlem, The Netherlands) MS medium supplemented with 0.5 mg L−1 each of NAA and BAP
Summary
Flavonoids, as polyphenolic plant metabolites, have been an object of special interest in recent years due to their antioxidant properties. These compounds have a number of additional biological properties, which are extremely important in therapy and cosmetology, including sealing blood vessels, preventing the aggregation of platelets, and preventing. It is a very well-known medicinal plant species, which is popular in traditional and modern phytomedicine (European Pharmacopoeia 9.0 2016). Hyperoside, the primary H. perforatum flavonoid compound in the plant extracts, ranges from 1.7 mg 100 g-1 to 4.0 g 100 g−1 dry weight (DW) (Jürgenliemk and Nahrstedt 2002; Cirak et al 2007; Silva et al 2008)
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