Abstract
One of the current developments in drug research is the controlled release formulation of drugs, which can be released in a controlled manner at a specific target in the body. Due to the diverse physical and chemical properties of various drugs, a smart drug delivery system is highly sought after. The present study aimed to develop a novel drug delivery system using magnetite nanoparticles as the core and coated with polyvinyl alcohol (PVA), a drug 5-fluorouracil (5FU) and Mg–Al-layered double hydroxide (MLDH) for the formation of FPVA-FU-MLDH nanoparticles. The existence of the coated nanoparticles was supported by various physico-chemical analyses. In addition, the drug content, kinetics, and mechanism of drug release also were studied. 5-fluorouracil (5FU) was found to be released in a controlled manner from the nanoparticles at pH = 4.8 (representing the cancerous cellular environment) and pH = 7.4 (representing the blood environment), governed by pseudo-second-order kinetics. The cytotoxicity study revealed that the anticancer delivery system of FPVA-FU-MLDH nanoparticles showed much better anticancer activity than the free drug, 5FU, against liver cancer and HepG2 cells, and at the same time, it was found to be less toxic to the normal fibroblast 3T3 cells.
Highlights
Cancer is one of the most hazardous illnesses, and the main reason for death in the world [1,2]
The X-ray diffraction pattern at 2θ angles of 19.5◦ is due to the presence of polyvinyl alcohol (PVA) polymer on the surface of the magnetite nanoparticles [34]
Impurity peaks were not observed in the XRD pattern, indicating that the synthesized particles were of good purity and the coating process did not change their phase
Summary
Cancer is one of the most hazardous illnesses, and the main reason for death in the world [1,2]. In 2000, about 22 million patients were living with cancer [3]. The development of new methods for diagnosis and treatment of cancer is important to increase patients’ life survival. Nanotechnology and nanoscience have enabled early detection, accurate diagnosis, and more effective delivery of anticancer drugs to cancer cells [1,2,3,5]. One of the main challenges in the treatment of cancer is engineering drug carriers for simultaneous specific targeting and drug unloading [6]. Nanomedicine is providing opportunities to create novel nanoparticle formulations with better therapeutic outcomes in cancer therapy
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