The Impact of Long-Term Growth Hormone Treatment on Metabolic Parameters in Japanese Patients with Short Stature Born Small for Gestational Age

Abstract

Background/Aims: An examination of the effects of up to 260 weeks of growth hormone (GH) therapy on metabolic parameters in Japanese children born small for gestational age (SGA). Methods: Data were analysed from a 156-week extension of a 104-week multicentre, randomised, double-blind, parallel-group trial. Sixty-five children born SGA (age 3-<8 years) received 33 μg/kg/day (n = 31, 64.5% male) or 67 μg/kg/day (n = 34, 58.8% male) GH for 260 weeks. Changes in metabolic parameters - glucose, insulin, total cholesterol, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol and high-density lipoprotein cholesterol - were recorded. Alterations in weight, body mass index standard deviation score (BMI SDS) and vital signs were also evaluated. Results: Over 260 weeks of GH treatment, a positive correlation between Δheight SDS and Δinsulin-like growth factor-I SDS was observed. Insulin and glucose levels were generally unaffected. Favourable changes in lipid profiles were recorded, which were maintained for the study duration. No adverse alterations in weight, BMI SDS or vital signs were noted. Conclusion: Long-term, continuous GH treatment in children born SGA appears to be efficacious, associated with potential benefits for several metabolic parameters and associated with no long-term safety concerns.