Abstract
Healthy diet is essential to type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) prevention for women with previous gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM). To evaluate the effect of a lifestyle intervention program on diet quality for rural women who were previously diagnosed with GDM, we conducted a randomized controlled study in two counties located in south-central China. A total of 404 eligible women were allocated into an intervention group and control group. Participants in the intervention group received 6-month lifestyle intervention including six group seminars and eight telephone consultations. Dietary data were collected at baseline and 18 months via a 24 h dietary recall, and dietary quality was measured by two indicators, Chinese Healthy Eating Score (CHEI) and Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W). Baseline CHEI scores (54.4 vs. 53.5, p = 0.305) and the proportions of participants who met MDD-W (73.8% vs. 74.5%, p = 0.904) were comparable between the two groups. The intervention group achieved a higher CHEI score (62.2 vs. 58.9, p = 0.001) and higher MDD-W proportion (90.6% vs. 81.2%, p = 0.023) at 18 months. Lifestyle intervention was associated with the change of CHEI (p = 0.049) but not with MDD-W (p = 0.212). In conclusion, compared with usual care, lifestyle intervention resulted in greater improvement of dietary quality among rural women with previous GDM.
Highlights
This paper aims to analyze the effect of lifestyle intervention on diet quality
After 18 months, the proportion of participants reaching the Minimum Dietary Diversity for Women (MDD-W) was 90.6% and 81.2% in the intervention group and the control group, with a significant difference (p = 0.023)
Our study demonstrated the impact of a 6-month lifestyle intervention on diet quality in women with a history of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM)
Summary
Gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM) is a category of diabetes that is initially diagnosed in the second or third trimester of pregnancy [1,2]. It is an independent risk factor for many postpartum diseases, especially type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM) [3,4]. The 10-year T2DM cumulative incidence after delivery is 20% to 40% for women with GDM, and the incidence further increases to 58% when prolonged to 50 years [5,6]. Diet is critical to T2DM development [7,8,9]. A high-quality diet, featuring adequacy in food diversity and balance in foods/nutrients, is associated with a decreased risk of
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