Abstract
Cognitive decline and dementia are significant public health challenges influenced by various modifiable and non-modifiable risk factors. Kundalini yoga (KY) has emerged as a promising non-pharmacological intervention to enhance cognitive function and memory in older adults at risk of cognitive decline. This systematic review aims to evaluate the effects of KY on cognitive function, memory impairment, and related neurobiological and psychological outcomes in older adults. A comprehensive literature search was conducted across PubMed, MEDLINE, Scopus, Web of Science, and the Cochrane Library, covering studies published from January 2000 to December 2023. Randomised controlled trials (RCTs) were included to compare KY with other cognitive enhancement strategies, such as memory enhancement training (MET) and psychoeducation. Five RCTs with 215 participants met the inclusion criteria. The studies varied in sample size (11 to 81 participants) and duration (12 to 24 weeks). The participants were older adults (≥55 years) with mild cognitive impairment (MCI) or subjective cognitive decline (SCD). The interventions compared KY with MET or psychoeducation. KY consistently improved memory performance and executive function. Significant mood enhancements, increased hippocampal volume, and better neural connectivity were observed. KY also reduced pro-inflammatory cytokines and altered ageing-related gene expression, demonstrating both cognitive and neurobiological benefits. KY appears to be a promising intervention for enhancing cognitive function, mood, and neurobiological health in older adults at risk of cognitive decline and dementia. While further research with more extensive, well-designed RCTs is needed to confirm these findings and optimise intervention strategies, the existing evidence supports the integration of KY into cognitive health programmes. Practitioners should ensure proper training and gradual progression to maximise benefits and minimise risks.
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