The impact of IVF/ICSI on parental well-being and anxiety 1 year after childbirth

Abstract

More couples are delaying childbirth resulting in an increase of age-related subfertility in women. Subfertility and assisted reproductive technology (ART) treatments may affect couples' psychological well-being. The aim of the present study was to investigate whether factors related to IVF/ICSI affect anxiety and mental health in couples 1 year after childbirth. In this cohort study, we included couples with a singleton pregnancy following IVF/ICSI treatment (n=113) and subfertile couples who naturally conceived (NC; n=83). Parental trait anxiety (Dutch version of the Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory) and mental health (Dutch version of General Health Questionnaire) were assessed 1 year after childbirth. The influence of fertility-related factors was analyzed with logistic regression analyses. One hundred and ninety-six couples participated, 93% of those eligible. Trait anxiety and mental health were similar in IVF/ICSI and NC groups. However, NC fathers had more often mental health scores in the clinical range (21%) than fathers in the IVF/ICSI group (9%). The risk of having a trait anxiety or mental health score in the clinical range was reduced by the presence of one of the following factors: for females a higher number of IVF/ICSI treatment cycles, and a maternal cause of subfertility, for males having been treated by IVF/ICSI and a longer time to pregnancy. The present study indicates (i) that IVF/ICSI treatment is not associated with an increase in clinically relevant Spielberger State-Trait Anxiety Inventory and General Health Questionnaire scores in parents 1 year after childbirth and (ii) a higher number of IVF/ICSI treatment cycles and a longer time to pregnancy were associated with less trait anxiety and better mental health. A limitation of the study is the absence of mental health and trait anxiety data at baseline.