Abstract
This paper examines the impact of institutions on evolution of tourism accommodation format in Wulingyuan, a well-known tourist destination in China, from the perspective of institutional cluster embeddedness. Data were primarily collected through interviews and participant observations. The findings show a five-stage evolution process starting from introduction (1982–1988), through growth (1989–2000), adjustment (2001–2004), and upgrade (2005–2010) to the current stage of individualization (2011–present). During the process, the informal institutions work to suppress, conflict with the formal institutions, yet transform into formal institutions in the end. In such a process, institutional loopholes and frictions are the norm, and tourism accommodation format evolves from extensive development to sustainable development. It suggests that the sustainable development of the tourism accommodation industry needs the synergy of formal and informal institutions.
Highlights
With the “Opening-up” of China, its economic institution has transformed from a centrally planned mode to a market-based mode, leading to business model change and market segmentation in the tourism accommodation industry
In contrast to a static view on tourism institutional embeddedness in previous studies, this paper takes a longitudinal and dynamic perspective on institutional embeddedness to explore the impacts of institutions on tourism accommodation format evolution in Wulingyuan
This study contributes to tourism institution studies by exploring the internal structure of formal and informal institutions, and examining the interaction between formal and informal institutions
Summary
Mountain villas, sanatorium Rapid development, mainly distributed in scenic area and urban area. Small individualized accommodation facilities springing up, decline of star hotels, integration of diverse formats Self-guided and driving tourist market growing, group tourist declining significantly
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