Abstract
ObjectiveBased on our previous research, chronic paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) can cause depression-like behaviors and microbial changes in gut microbiota. Coffee, as the world’s most popular drink for the lack of sleep, is beneficial to health and attention and can eliminate the cognitive sequelae caused by poor sleep. The purpose of this study is to investigate the effects of coffee and decaffeinated coffee on PSD rats.Research Design and MethodsA total of 32 rats were divided into four groups: control group, PSD model group, conventional coffee group, and decaffeinated coffee group. Behavioral tests, including sucrose preference test, open field test, forced swimming test, and tail suspension test, as well as biochemical detection for inflammatory and antioxidant indexes were performed. The effects of coffee and decaffeinated coffee on the gut microbiota of PSD rats were investigated by 16S rRNA gene sequencing.ResultsCoffee and decaffeinated coffee significantly improved the depression-like behaviors. Moreover, the serum levels of interleukin-6 and tumor necrosis factor alpha were decreased in both coffee and decaffeinated coffee groups, as well as the levels of superoxide dismutase and GSH-Px were increased. Gut microbiota analysis revealed that the abundance of S24-7, Lachnospiraceae, Oscillospira, and Parabacteroides were significantly increased in PSD rats, while the abundance of Akkermansia and Klebsiella were significantly decreased. After the treatment of coffee and decaffeinated coffee, the abundance of the above gut microbiota was all restored in different degrees. Coffee had relatively more significant effects on PSD-induced depressive-like behaviors, while the difference between coffee and decaffeinated coffee was not obvious in correcting the disorder of gut microbiota.ConclusionsThese findings have shown that both coffee and decaffeinated coffee are effective for sleep deprivation-induced depression-like behaviors and the dysbiosis of gut microbiota and indicated that caffeine may be not the only key substance of coffee for regulating gut microbiota.
Highlights
As the most consumed drink in the world, coffee is second only to water (Butt and Sultan, 2011)
After the rats have been adaptively fed for 1 week, they were randomly divided into four groups as follows: control group (CON), paradoxical sleep deprivation (PSD) model group (SD), conventional coffee group (CC), and decaffeinated coffee group (DC)
The immobility time in the conventional coffee and decaffeinated coffee group was significantly lower than the PSD model group (P < 0.01, P < 0.05)
Summary
As the most consumed drink in the world, coffee is second only to water (Butt and Sultan, 2011). People who drink three or four cups of coffee a day have a lower risk of developing type 2 diabetes, which may be due to the presence of green folic acid and caffeine in coffee (George et al, 2008). A large amount research reveals that caffeine in the coffee with moderate consumption (three-to-five cups, volume not identified) has the effect of anti-Alzheimer’s disease (Mahshad and Mazen, 2017). Caffeine and coffee with a dose of 600 ml/day are helpful to reduce the risk of depression (Grosso et al, 2016). Excessive intake of coffee or caffeine can lead to the development of physiological tolerance, and when a habitual caffeine consumer suddenly reduces or ceases taking caffeine, he or she may experience withdrawal symptoms (Hughes et al, 1998; Stachyshyn et al, 2021)
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