The impact of infectious diseases of poultry in selected African countries

Abstract

The importance of poultry production to the economy and food requirements of developing countries is demonstrated by the increase in the domestic production and consumption of eggs and broilers. The demand for poultry products has resulted in the emergence of specialized agribusiness sectors which apply intensive production technology acquired from the United States and Europe. The concentration of poultry into large units has rendered industries more vulberable to the effects of disease. The introduction of specific infections may be manifested by catastrophic mortality and cessation of production. Less virulent pathogens exert an erosive effect which depresses the efficiency of production and reduces the profitability of poultry enterprises. The Republics of Egypt and South Africa have been selected to illustrate the effect of endemic diseases and the conditions which are of economic significance. The size, structure, and development of poultry industries in the subject countries are analyzed in relation to the differences which exist in the incidence and occurrence of disease. The response of the respective governments and of producers to existing problems are evaluated with reference to the programs to treat and prevent catastrophic and erosive conditions. Alternative strategies which are appropriate include quarantine, depopulation, immunization and medication. Field diagnostic and laboratory resources are essential in implementing and supporting programs to prevent disease. Based on a comparison between the incidence of diseases which exist in the two countries, specific programs are suggested which would reduce the impact of disease in tropical areas which have emerging poultry industries.