Abstract
We consider a mathematical model of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection dynamics of T lymphocyte (T cell), infected T cell, and viral populations under reverse transcriptase inhibitor (RTI) andprotease inhibitor (PI) treatment. Existence, uniqueness, and characterization of optimal treatment profiles which minimize total amount of drug used, viral, and infected T cell populations, while maximizing levels of T cells are determined analytically. Numerical optimal control experiments are also performed to illustrate how burst rate of infected T cells and shedding rate of virions impact optimal treatment profiles. Finally, a sensitivity analysis is performed to detect how model input parameters contribute to output variance.
Highlights
INTRODUCTIONHIV, known as the human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus which impairs the immune system by entering vital cells (e.g. dendritic cells, microglial cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages) through CD4 and coreceptors on the cell membrane and destroying them [Cunningham et al 2010; Cenker et al 2017]
HIV, known as the human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus which impairs the immune system by entering vital cells through CD4 and coreceptors on the cell membrane and destroying them [Cunningham et al 2010; Cenker et al 2017]
Once the CD4+ levels drop to a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost and viral load increases, which leads to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the final stage of HIV infection
Summary
HIV, known as the human immunodeficiency virus, is a virus which impairs the immune system by entering vital cells (e.g. dendritic cells, microglial cells, CD4+ T cells, and macrophages) through CD4 and coreceptors on the cell membrane and destroying them [Cunningham et al 2010; Cenker et al 2017]. Once the CD4+ levels drop to a critical level, cell-mediated immunity is lost and viral load increases, which leads to the development of acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS), the final stage of HIV infection. These drugs are given in combination to suppress viral replication and reduce plasma HIV viral load in a treatment called highly active antiretroviral therapy (HAART) [Autran et al 1997; Komanduri et al 1998; Lederman et al 1998] Two common such ARTs often used in HAART are reverse transcriptase inhibitors and protease inhibitors [Arts et al 2012].
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