The Impact of Increasing Traffic Volume on Autonomous Vehicles in Roundabout

Abstract

This study employs the PTV VISSIM simulation software to investigate the impact of increasing traffic volumes on conventional vehicles and autonomous vehicles (AVs) with distinct behavioural traits: cautious, normal, and aggressive. The simulations cover a range of traffic volumes, from 100 to 600 vehicles, and measure the effects on travel time, emissions (CO, NOX, VOC), and fuel consumption. The results show that with increasing penetration rates of AVs, travel times generally decrease, with aggressive AVs achieving the shortest times, followed by normal, then cautious AVs. Emissions and fuel consumption also tend to decrease as the penetration rate of AVs increases. Notably, the results demonstrate that aggressive AVs excel in reducing travel time, while normal AVs consistently balance between efficiency and reduced emissions, and cautious AVs emphasize safety and lower emissions. Despite the differing behavioural traits, all AV types exhibit a marked improvement over conventional vehicles in terms of travel time, emissions, and fuel consumption. At every penetration rate, AVs lead to shorter travel times and lower emissions, with aggressive AVs being the most efficient, followed by normal and then cautious AVs. These findings emphasize the potential benefits of integrating autonomous vehicles into transportation networks. They suggest that optimizing AV behaviour, depending on the context and objectives, can lead to more efficient, environmentally friendly traffic systems. The study offers valuable insights for policymakers, urban planners, and researchers aiming to leverage the distinct strengths of each AV behaviour to create a more sustainable and efficient future for autonomous transportation.