Abstract
Introduction: Osseointegration are often suffering from oral conditions, especially, the micro gap at the implant–abutment connection represents a site for bacterial plaque aggregation, leading to increased inflammatory cells and causing peri-implantitis. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to describe the different kinds of implant–abutment connections and their ability to reduce bacterial leakage and thus prevent peri-implantitis. Materials and methods: The following databases were consulted: Pubmed, Scopus, Cochrane Library, and Research gate and a total of 528 articles were found. After reading the abstract and titles, 473 items were excluded. The remaining articles (n = 55) were assessed for full-text eligibility. Thirty-three studies were included in the review. Results and Conclusions: We selected 22 clinical trials and 11 reviews, examining a total sample of 2110 implants. From the review, it was clear that there exists a relationship between the implant–abutment interface and bacterial leakage. All the connections presented an amount of micro-gap and bacterial micro-leakage, though conical and mixed connection systems seemed to behave better. Moreover, both connections seemed to have a better load distribution and the mixed system also had anti-rotational properties which are very useful during the positioning of the prosthesis.
Highlights
Osseointegration are often suffering from oral conditions, especially, the micro gap at the implant–abutment connection represents a site for bacterial plaque aggregation, leading to increased inflammatory cells and causing peri-implantitis
The remaining articles (n = 55) were assessed for full-text eligibility: we excluded 10 articles because they were case reports and eight because there was no clear reference to the relationship between the IAC and bacterial leakage
Since IAC is typically located under the soft tissue of the gingiva, frequently close to the bone level, a serious aspect in averting the contamination of the peri-implant tissues is the control of bacterial leakage through it
Summary
Osseointegration are often suffering from oral conditions, especially, the micro gap at the implant–abutment connection represents a site for bacterial plaque aggregation, leading to increased inflammatory cells and causing peri-implantitis. Aim: The aim of this narrative review was to describe the different kinds of implant–abutment connections and their ability to reduce bacterial leakage and prevent peri-implantitis. All the connections presented an amount of micro-gap and bacterial micro-leakage, though conical and mixed connection systems seemed to behave better. Both connections seemed to have a better load distribution and the mixed system had anti-rotational properties which are very useful during the positioning of the prosthesis. The study by Yeo et al [5] described how chemical and biological modifications of Materials 2020, 13, 1131; doi:10.3390/ma13051131 www.mdpi.com/journal/materials
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