The Impact of Hurricane Maria on the Vegetation of Dominica and Puerto Rico Using Multispectral Remote Sensing

Tangao Hu,Ronald Smith

doi:10.3390/rs10060827

Abstract

As the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico, Hurricane Maria in September 2017 had a large impact on the vegetation of these islands. In this paper, multitemporal Landsat 8 OLI and Sentinel-2 data are used to investigate vegetation damage on Dominica and Puerto Rico by Hurricane Maria, and related influencing factors are analyzed. Moreover, the changes in the normalized difference vegetation index (NDVI) in the year 2017 are compared to reference years (2015 and 2016). The results show that (1) there is a sudden drop in NDVI values after Hurricane Maria’s landfall (decreased about 0.2) which returns to near normal vegetation after 1.5 months; (2) different land cover types have different sensitivities to Hurricane Maria, whereby forest is the most sensitive type, then followed by wetland, built-up, and natural grassland; and (3) for Puerto Rico, the vegetation damage is highly correlated with distance from the storm center and elevation. For Dominica, where the whole island is within Hurricane Maria’s radius of maximum wind, the vegetation damage has no obvious relationship to elevation or distance. The study provides insight into the sensitivity and recovery of vegetation after a major land-falling hurricane, and may lead to improved vegetation protection strategies.

Highlights

Tropical cyclones are extreme weather events of varying magnitude and moderate frequency
Ramsey et al [13] developed an empirical model based on NOAA AVHRR and Landsat TM data, it was used to relate forest type and hurricane-impact distribution with wind speed and duration to explain the variation of hurricane damage among forest types
Negron-Juarez et al [16] used the MODIS and Landsat data to study the observed patterns of forest disturbance associated with tropical cyclones at different spatial scales

Summary

Introduction

Tropical cyclones are extreme weather events of varying magnitude and moderate frequency. Hurricane Maria in September 2017 caused catastrophic damage and loss of life in Dominica, the Dominican Republic, Guadeloupe, Haiti, Puerto Rico, and the United States Virgin Islands [5] It was regarded as the worst natural disaster on record in Dominica and Puerto Rico, and eye-witnesses reported extensive defoliation [6]. It is essential to assess the overall impact of tropical cyclones to support effective post-hurricane management approaches It is time-consuming and expensive to investigate the full extent and magnitude of landscape and property damage using traditional field survey approaches [8,9]. Hurricane Maria accelerated toward the east, and later, east-northeast over the open Atlantic, becoming extratropical on September 30 and dissipating by October 3 [6,25]

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Results