Abstract
Food insecurity and hunger are pervasive issues affecting millions worldwide, with far-reaching consequences for physical and mental health. This review aims to synthesize the literature on the impact of food insecurity and hunger on physical and mental health outcomes. We explore the effects on malnutrition, digestive health, chronic diseases, infectious diseases, child health, mood disorders, cognitive function, psychotic disorders, and trauma and stress. Our analysis reveals significant associations between food insecurity and poor physical and mental health outcomes, including increased risk of malnutrition, chronic diseases, mental health disorders, and cognitive impairment. We also examine the underlying mechanisms, including inflammation, oxidative stress, and gut micro biome alterations as we can work towards a future where access to nutritious food is a fundamental human right, not a privilege.
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