Abstract
The brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) is a protein mainly synthetized in the neurons. Early evidence showed that BDNF participates in cognitive processes as measured at the hippocampus. This neurotrophin is as a reliable marker of brain function; moreover, recent studies have demonstrated that BDNF participates in physiological processes such as glucose homeostasis and lipid metabolism. The BDNF has been also studied using the exercise paradigm to determine its response to different exercise modalities; therefore, BDNF is considered a new member of the exercise-related molecules. The high-intensity interval training (HIIT) is an exercise protocol characterized by low work volume performed at a high intensity [i.e., ≥80% of maximal heart rate (HRmax)]. Recent evidence supports the contention that HIIT elicits higher fat oxidation in skeletal muscle than other forms of exercise. Similarly, HIIT is a good stimulus to increase maximal oxygen uptake (VO2max). Few studies have investigated the impact of HIIT on the BDNF response. The present work summarizes the effects of acute and long-term HIIT on BDNF.
Highlights
Physical exercise (PE) is considered a subcategory of the physical activity domain (Caspersen et al, 1985; Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee, 2008)
Studies performed in rodents (Tsuchida et al, 2001; Hanyu et al, 2003; Yamanaka et al, 2006; Jiménez-Maldonado et al, 2014) and humans (Bulloì et al, 2007; Krabbe et al, 2007; Li et al, 2016) have demonstrated that brain-derived neurotrophic factor (BDNF) participates in glucose and lipid metabolism (Matthews et al, 2009)
Further experimental studies are necessary to elucidate the impact of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) on BDNF and its effect on glucose and lipid metabolism in humans with metabolic or cardiovascular diseases
Summary
Physical exercise (PE) is considered a subcategory of the physical activity domain (Caspersen et al, 1985; Physical Activity Guidelines Advisory Committee , 2008). Scientists and exercise professionals have focused on studying the impact of short exercise bouts on human physiology with the aim of optimizing time use (Gibala et al, 2006); for instance, high-intensity interval training (HIIT). A 16-week HIIT program elicited higher oxygen utilization and cerebral oxygenation than MICT in older people (Coetsee and Terblanche, 2017); similar results were found in younger adults (Robinson et al, 2018) In these studies, the BDNF’s response was dependent of the exercise intensity. HIGH-INTENSITY INTERVAL TRAINING (HIIT): AN EFFICIENT TOOL TO IMPROVE PHYSICAL PERFORMANCE, METABOLISM, AND BRAIN FUNCTION. HIIT refers to exercise characterized by relatively short bursts of vigorous activity, interspersed by rest or lowintensity recovery exercise (Gibala and Jones, 2013; Gillen and Gibala, 2013; Weston et al, 2014). Previous scientific reports have indicated that HIIT is perceived as an exercise modality
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