The impact of hazes on schizophrenia admissions and the synergistic effect with the combined atmospheric oxidation capacity in Hefei, China

Abstract

ObjectivesCurrently, most epidemiological studies on haze focus on respiratory diseases, cardiovascular diseases, etc. However, the relationship between haze and mental health has not been adequately explored. The purpose of this study was to investigate the influence of hazes on schizophrenia admissions and to further explore the potential interaction effect with the combined atmospheric oxidative indices (Ox and Oxwt). MethodsWe collected 5328 cases during the cold season from 2013 to 2015 in Hefei, China. By integrating the Poisson Generalized Linear Models with the Distributed Lag Non-linear Models, the association between haze and schizophrenia admissions was evaluated. The interaction between hazes and two combined oxidation indexes was tested by stratifying hazes and Ox, and Oxwt. ResultsHaze was found to be significantly linked to an increased risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia, and a 9-day lag effect on schizophrenia (lag 3-lag 11), with the largest effect on lag 6 (RR = 1.080, 95% confidence interval (CI): 1.046–1.116). Males, females, and <40 y (people under 40 years old) were sensitive to hazes. Furthermore, in the stratified analysis, we found synergies between two combined oxidation indexes and hazes. The interaction relative risk (IRR) and relative excess risk due to interaction (RERI) between Ox and hazes were 1.170 (95% CI: 1.071–1.277) and 0.149 (95% CI: 0.045–0.253), respectively. For Oxwt, the IRR and RERI were 1.179 (95% CI: 1.087–1.281) and 0.159 (95% CI: 0.056–0.263), respectively. It is noteworthy that this synergistic effect was significant in males and <40 y when examining the various subgroups in the interaction analysis. ConclusionsOur findings suggest that exposure to haze significantly increases the risk of hospitalization for schizophrenia. More significant public health benefits can be obtained by prioritizing haze periods with high combined atmospheric oxidation capacity.