The impact of green supply chain management practices on environmental performance during COVID-19 period: the case of discretionary companies in the G-20 countries

Ensuring sustainability through green supply chain management practices has become challenging for the textiles and garments industry. Organizations need to examine the factors of the firm’s sustainability performance and how to manage them strategically. Hence, the strategic organizational orientation can be the best approach for implementing green supply chain management (GSCM) practices to improve firm sustainability performance. This study aims to assess the impact of strategic orientation in three dimensions, such as green entrepreneurial orientation (GEO), market orientation (MO), and knowledge management orientation (KMO) on the implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and the subsequently sustainable firm performance. Data were gathered from an extensive scale survey of 266 respondents of textile manufacturing firms in Bangladesh. Data were analyzed in the structural equation model (SEM) with partial least squares techniques to justify the proposed hypotheses. The results reveal that GEO and MO have a significant positive effect on GSCM practices, affecting sustainable firm performance. Surprisingly, KMO does not have a positive impact on GSCM practices. Further, this study reveals that GSCM practices partially mediate the relationship between GEO and sustainable firm performance while MO and KMO partially mediate the relationship between GEO and GSCM practices. Overall, findings help textiles firm management comprehensively understand the implementation strategies of GSCM practices in operations and reconfigure accordingly in the competitive business environment while improving firm performances. This study is the first to investigate the effect of strategic orientation on GSCM practices implementation in the textiles industry from the context of an upstream operation with a comprehensive understanding of the factors while reducing environmental impact.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine how individual dimensions of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices affect firms’ financial performance directly and through environmental performance. Furthermore, the authors investigate the contingent role of institutional pressures on the direct link between GSCM practices and environmental performance and GSCM practices and financial performance.Design/methodology/approachUsing a convenience sampling technique, data were collected from 238 textile firms in the province of Punjab, Pakistan. Hayes’ PROCESS macro was used to analyze the hypotheses.FindingsThe findings demonstrate that GSCM practices (green manufacturing, green purchasing, eco-design, cooperation with customers and green information systems) have a significant direct impact on firms’ financial performance directly and through environmental performance. Additionally, institutional pressures significantly moderate the nexus of GSCM practices-environmental performance and environmental performance-financial performance.Practical implicationsTextile firms should implement GSCM practices not just because of the pressure from regulatory bodies but also to elevate their environmental and financial performance. Government should also play its role in influencing the organizations for the adoption of GSCM practices, as its role is a significant one in preserving the environment.Social implicationsBecause of less emission, energy usage and wastage, environmental performance will be increased, which affect the society positively.Originality/valueAlong with studying the GSCM practices in the textile industry of Pakistan, drawing upon the institutional theory, the contingent role of institutional pressures on two stages (first, between GSCM practices and environmental performance, and secondly, between GSCM practices and financial performance) is the novelty of this study.

This study examined the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) on the environment and green economic performance with the moderator prediction context, which is a very fundamental approach for developing stronger theories. The writers chose green technology as a unique moderator in the context of GSCM practices and performance. The purpose of this study is to determine the role of moderating effects of green technology in investigating the relationship between green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and firm performance (environmental and green economic performance). By employing survey methodology using a purposive sampling technique, the data collected from 96 respondents in various manufacturing firms. The hypotheses were tested through SEM-PLS using SmartPLS. The further results show that the results of hypothesis testing indicate that GSCM practices (GSCM) have a positive and significant effect on environmental performance (EP) and green economic performance (GEP). The study also found that the role of green technology as a moderating variable can strengthen the positive relationship between GSCM Practices and environmental performance. While the moderation effect of Green technology (GT) can weaken the positive relationship between GSCM Practices and green economic performance (GEP).

PurposeDuring the previous two decades, “Green Supply Chain Management” (GSCM) has been gaining the attention of researchers and practitioners from various fields (e.g. operations, logistics and supply chain management). Its significance is constantly growing, and various studies are conducted in order to capture its overall organizational contribution. The present study attempts to bring together various organizational aspects that have never been collectively investigated before in the relevant literature. Under that rationale, a robust conceptual framework is developed and empirically tested. This framework includes 17 factors that are classified in three dimensions: (1) drivers of GSCM practices, (2) GSCM practices and (3) firm performance (GSCM outcomes).Design/methodology/approachThe examination of the proposed conceptual framework was performed using a newly developed structured questionnaire that was distributed to a sample of Greek manufacturing organizations. Supply Chain managers and Chief Executive Officers (CEOs) were used as key respondents, due to their knowledge and experience. After the completion of the three-month research period (last quarter of 2019), 292 useable questionnaires were returned. The empirical data were analyzed using the “Structural Equation Modeling” technique. The study is empirical (based on primary data), explanatory (examines cause and effect relationships), deductive (tests research hypotheses) and quantitative (includes the analysis of quantitative data collected with the use of a structured questionnaire).FindingsEmpirical results point out that internal environmental management, green innovative practices and environmental proactivity are GSCM practices with the most significant impact on firm performance. Moreover, the mediating role of GSCM practices in the relationship between GSCM drivers and firm performance is also highlighted. Finally, it was found that GSCM practices can explain 35% of the variance in firm performance and the drivers of GSCM practices can explain 78% of the variance of these practices.Originality/valueThe proposed three-dimensional conceptual framework of this empirical study and its underlining rationale has rarely been adopted in the relevant literature. Moreover, the study investigates which GSCM practices have an impact on firm performance, thus offering value to practitioners of the field. Also, it is one of the few similar studies that have been conducted on a European country.

The purpose of this paper is to identify the drivers of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices among the manufacturing firms of a developing country, and to examine the impact of GSCM practices on firms’ economic and environmental performance. A structural equation model is developed to study the hypothesized relationships between three drivers and GSCM practices. Furthermore, the relationship between GSCM practices and firm’s economic and environmental performance is also investigated. A sample of manufacturing firms is taken from the companies listed in the local stock exchange. Cross-sectional data of 80 responses from these manufacturing firms is collected. The developed model is tested through Partial Least Square Structural Equation Modeling (PLS-SEM) technique. Results show that customer’s pressure and firm’s internal drive (enviropreneurship) positively impacts the adoption of GSCM practices whereas the relationship between governmental legislation GSCM practices adoption is not significant. GSCM practices positively impact the supply chain buying firm’s economic and environmental performance.

PurposeThe purpose of this research is to investigate the implementation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices and its impact on corporate performance (CP). The research in particular examines the results of implementing a set of GSCM practices on different dimensions of the CP.Design/methodology/approachThis study, being the first of its kind in the Middle East, developed a research model to test the relationship between four main GSCM practices namely, eco-design, green purchasing, environmental cooperation and reverse logistics, and four dimensions of CP: operational performance, environmental performance, economic performance and social performance, while controlling three main variables (firm size, firm age and environment management system certification). Statistical analyses were based on the data collected, through survey questionnaires, from 117 firms in the manufacturing industry in the UAE. Reliability and validity of the research model were tested by the commonly accepted statistical tools. To test the hypotheses relating implementation of GSCM practice and CP, multiple regression analysis was used.FindingsThe finding of the study was that GSCM practices impact the CP dimensions differently. While none of the four GSCM practices were found to have any impact on the environmental performance, green purchasing and environmental cooperation were found to have a significant impact on the operational performance. The study found that only green purchasing plays a role in improving the economic performance, while only reverse logistics practices were found to impact the social performance of the firm positively.Research limitations/implicationsResearch on GSCM is still in the nascent stage. Further refinement of the survey to differentiate between different manufacturing industries might be needed. Generalizability of the findings is also limited because of data collected from manufacturing firms in the UAE. This research provides important insights. The findings of this research are generally consistent with those of prior studies in other parts of the world. Firms in manufacturing industry in the UAE believe that GSCM practices help the company design and develop better products which, in turn, increase the company chances in selling its products in the international markets while, at same time, improving the average profit and market share. It was also found that the UAE firms believe that implementation of GSCM practices help improve the corporate image, enhance employees’ job satisfaction and improve employees’ health and safety.Practical implicationsImplementation of GSCM practices improves CP in different ways. Supply chain managers are required to decide on the CP dimension they want to improve and accordingly select the appropriate GSCM practices mix that leads to the desired level of improvement.Originality/valueAlthough few earlier researches studied the impact of GSCM on CP, this study is different and makes a unique contribution by offering a holistic view of the impact of implementing four main GSCM practices on all dimensions of CP. The study offers some insights on the type of GSCM practices the firm needs to adopt to improve the targeted performance dimension.

The study explores the effect of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices on three sustainability dimensions; environmental, social, and economic in Turkish shipyards. The GSCM practices examined are green design, green purchasing, green production, green marketing, environmental management, and recycling. A research model was developed to test the relationship between six GSCM practices and the three sustainability performance dimensions by using a shipyard-level survey. Environmental uncertainty was placed in the model as a moderator variable. The authors utilized a web-based survey. Partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to test the proposed hypotheses. The research revealed that the GSCM practices were positively significant for economic and social performance but not for environmental performance. Environmental uncertainty did not have a moderating effect between GSCM practices and sustainability performances. Quality, Environmental, and Safety Certifications are the first step for GSCM practices but do not mean the company achieved environmental performance positively. The results brought into prominence the GSCM practices in improving the sustainability performance of the Turkish shipyards. While this study was the pioneer in examining the relationship between GSCM and sustainability performance in Turkish shipyards, it enhanced the understanding of GSCM practices and sustainability performances.

Purpose The purpose of this paper is to aim at prioritizing and identifying the interrelations among the green supply chain management pressures, practices and performance measures. The study also compares the reasons of green supply chain management implementation, levels of implementation and improvement in performance for medium and large Indian ceramic enterprises because of green supply chain management implementation. Design/methodology/approach The most frequent constructs and measures of green supply chain management pressure, practice and performance are identified from the literature. The identified measures are corrected/added/removed, as per the suggestions of industry professionals, to develop a survey instrument. An interpretive structural model is developed to prioritize the constructs. Matriced “impacts croises-multiplication applique” and “classment” (MICMAC) analysis is done to identify the driving and dependence powers of the constructs. The identified results are validated through the descriptive analysis of responses obtained from multiple case studies. Findings It is observed that the informative pressures followed by coercive and mimetic pressures are the main drivers for the implementation of green supply chain management practices. Internal environmental management in enterprises is found to be the driving power behind the implementation of other green supply chain management practices. The implementation of these practices drives the environmental and operational performance. It is observed, through the multiple case study analysis that the impact of the pressures to adopt green supply chain management practices is high on Indian ceramic enterprises but the implementation of practices is in the early stage. The improvement in performance is also not found to be significant at this stage. This study also found that large ceramic enterprises are doing better than the medium enterprises in terms of green supply chain management implementation, largely because of higher pressures and availability of resources. Originality/value This study prioritizes the constructs of green supply chain management pressure, practice and performance for Indian ceramic enterprises and compares the large and medium enterprises on the basis of these constructs.

PurposeThis study aims to investigate the greening practices adopted by micro, small and medium enterprises in India and recommend an empirically tested and validated green supply chain management (GSCM) practices construct. The study also aims at measuring the influence of pressures created by external and internal stakeholders on the GSCM score.Design/methodology/approachThe study used a mixed-method approach. Qualitative methods, including literature review, expert opinion, focused group discussions and questionnaire-based surveys, were used for item generation and data collection. Quantitative methods included exploratory factor analysis (EFA) to find out the reasonable number of constructs to include in the scale of the GSCM practice, confirmatory factor analysis (CFA) to purify/confirm the scale, and finally, structural equation modelling (SEM) to select the best fit model and to test all causal relationships as portrayed in the base model. In the two-stage survey, convenience and purposive sampling methods were applied.FindingsThe study develops an empirically validated scale of GSCM practices, which has 6 dimensions and 16 items. This scale can measure the greening score of GSCM practices implementation. Further, findings confirm that the pressures from external and internal stakeholders are the significant forces for micro, small and medium enterprises to adopt GSCM practices. Finally, mediation function of external/internal pressures and green factors also does occur where GSCM is the mediator.Research limitations/implicationsThe study is an extension of available literature on GSCM practices utilizing the survey data from India. It contributes to the literature on micro, small and medium enterprises and GSCM practices implementation and expands the scope of theoretical applications.Practical implicationsFor the managers, it provides useful insights about innovative practices to become eco-efficient. The second-order of scale reveals that managers need to equally focus on all factors rather than on any single one. Less GSCM practices score indicates the dearth of external and internal pressures on micro, small and medium enterprises. Therefore, managers need to collaborate with local customers, overseas customers, competitors and legislative agencies. Besides, training of employees, literacy of employees and support from top management also emerge as critical measures that help the industry implement GSCM practices.Originality/valueGSCM as a topic had been extensively explored within different business areas and functions in the available literature. However, this study has some significant values. At prima facie, the study is the first that elucidates GSCM practices by incorporating the effects of pressures of different stakeholders in the context of Indian micro, small and medium enterprises which is considered as the most unorganized sector. Second, the proposed model of the study could provide useful direction for GSCM practices implementation in the unorganized sector in developing nations. Third, the study can also benefit academicians interested in the researched topic, organizations within different sectors and any other party interested in understanding more the concept of GSCM.

Environmental degradation caused by artificial conditioning has boosted the need for sustainable business practices, particularly in resource- ferocious diligence similar as fabrics. This study examines the relationship between Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices and environmental performance in the Pakistani textile industry, with a specific focus on the moderating part of institutional pressure. Drawing on institutional proposition, the exploration investigates how nonsupervisory conditions, request demand, and societal prospects impact the effectiveness of GSCM practices in perfecting environmental issues.A quantitative exploration design was employed using a structured check administered to professionals working in listed textile enterprises in Pakistan. An aggregate of 145 valid responses was anatomized using descriptive statistics, multiple retrogression analysis, and Structural Equation Modeling (SEM). The findings reveal that GSCM practices have a significant and positive effect on environmental performance. Among these practices, supplier integration and internal integration surfaced as the most influential contributors to bettered environmental issues. likewise, the results confirm that institutional pressure significantly centrists the relationship between GSCM practices and environmental performance, strengthening the positive impact of green enterprise when external pressures are high. The study also finds that request demand exerts a stronger influence on GSCM relinquishment than nonsupervisory and societal pressures, indicating a growing part of consumer prospects in shaping commercial environmental strategies. While enterprises demonstrate high compliance with environmental regulations, visionary enterprise similar as emigration reduction remain fairly weaker. The study also finds that request demand exerts a stronger influence on GSCM relinquishment than nonsupervisory and societal pressures, indicating a growing part of consumer prospects in shaping commercial environmental strategies. While enterprises demonstrate high compliance with environmental regulations, visionary enterprise similar as emigration reduction remain fairly weaker.

PurposeThe purpose of this study is to examine the impact of Industry 4.0 on economic and environmental performance through the mediation of green supply chain management (GSCM) practices in the emerging economic context, like Pakistan.Design/methodology/approachThis cross-sectional study investigates Industry 4.0 effects on economic and environmental performance through GSCM practices in an emerging economy. For the testing of hypotheses, Smart-PLS is employed. In total, 284 valid responses were analyzed in this study.FindingsThe outcomes indicate that GSCM practices mediate the effect of Industry 4.0 on both economic and environmental performance. Also, the results indicate that GSCM practices are positively affected by Industry 4.0.Research limitations/implicationsThe scope of this study is limited to manufacturing firms in Pakistan. Future studies may explore other variables that could expedite the adoption of GSCM as the concept of GSCM is still in its infancy. Future studies can conceptualize GSCM through resource based theory as mainstream SCM research has largely ignored the synergistic view of resource based approach in conceptualizing green supply chain models. Implications include policy making that emphasis on enhancing environmental knowledge training.Originality/valueAccording to the best knowledge of the researcher, no study has been conducted regarding the effect of Industry 4.0 on economic and environmental performance through the mediation of GSCM practices in the emerging economy, like Pakistan.

Can Global Reporting Initiative reports reveal companies’ green supply chain management practices?

PurposeSustainable supply chain management has become an increasingly important driver of business performance. Understanding the contingent nature of how performance is improved in this context is therefore a critical task for management. The purpose of this paper is to explore the moderating effects of two practices unique to sustainable supply chain – ecocentricity and supply chain traceability – on a firm’s environmental and operating cost performance.Design/methodology/approachSurvey data were collected from 248 UK manufacturing firms and analyzed using moderated hierarchical regression.FindingsThe results suggest that green supply chain management (GSCM) practices are associated with improvements in both environmental and cost-based performance. Further, higher levels of ecocentricity and supply chain traceability are associated with stronger relationships between GSCM practices and cost performance. Contrary to expectations, high levels of supply chain traceability were found to negatively moderate the relationship between GSCM practices and environmental performance.Research limitations/implicationsThe research design was survey-based and cross-sectional. Future studies would benefit from longitudinal research designs that capture the effects of GSCM practices on performance over an extended period. The survey data is also perceptual; using secondary data to capture environmental performance outcomes, for example, would be another opportunity for future research.Practical implicationsThe authors provide additional support to findings that GSCM practices benefit both environmental and cost performance dimensions. In this context, the authors show that investments by firms in working with a broader set of eco-system partners (ecocentricity) and building supply chain traceability and leads to improved environmental sustainability outcomes. The authors encourage managers to carefully consider how they conceptualize and monitor their supply chains.Originality/valueThis paper offers several contributions to the research in this area. First, the authors develop and validate a measurement scale for ecocentricity and supply chain traceability. Second, the authors show how these two variables – unique to sustainable supply chains – can positively influence firm and environmental performance.

This paper explores the effect of Green Supply Chain Management (GSCM) practices on the dimensions of Sustainable Development (SD) in the context of the Lebanese food industry. It aimed to examine to what extent GSCM practices and SD schemes are perceived in the food industry. As there is a growing concern and raising awareness of traceability among consumers in the food supply, researches can have a contribution to develop sustainability in food industry. As such, six GSCM practices, namely Eco-design (ED), Internal Environmental Management (IEM), Investment Recovery (IR), Green Purchasing (GP), Environmental Cooperation (EC) and Reverse Logistics (RL) were employed. These six GSCM variables were used to analyze structural relationships with the three dimensions of the SD, that is to say economic, environmental and social performances. The proposed model was tested using a questionnaire based survey via two modes of face to face and emails using a plant survey, senior managers of 88 food companies in Lebanon. The data were analyzed in SPSS and AMOS statistical programs. An Exploratory (Unrestricted) Factor Analysis (EFA), Confirmatory (Restricted) Factor Analysis (CFA) and multiple regressions were applied. The Structural Equation Modeling (SEM) revealed that the GSCM practices IR, GP, ED and IEM had significant relationships with one or more of the SD dimensions.On the basis of the findings, implications that may ameliorate the effect of GSCM practices on the SD dimensions can be taken into consideration. For instance, the enhance of the environmental cooperation with the suppliers and customers, improving the image of the company in the mind of their customers, reinforcing the commitment of GSCM from managers, utilization of cleaner technology, activation of internal performance evaluation system, enhancing the labor conditions and performing special training for workers on environmental issues.

The role of customer relational governance in environmental and economic performance improvement through green supply chain management