Abstract
This study presents the results of a review of publications conducted by researchers in a variety of climates on the implementation of ‘green roofs’ and their impact on the urban environment. Features of green roofs in urban areas have been characterized by a particular emphasis on: Filtration of air pollutants and oxygen production, reduction of rainwater volume discharged from roof surfaces, reduction of so-called ‘urban heat islands’, as well as improvements to roof surface insulation (including noise reduction properties). The review of the publications confirmed the necessity to conduct research to determine the coefficients of the impact of green roofs on the environment in the city centers of Central and Eastern Europe. The results presented by different authors (most often based on a single case study) differ significantly from each other, which does not allow us to choose universal coefficients for all the parameters of the green roof’s impact on the environment. The work also includes analysis of structural recommendations for the future model green roof study, which will enable pilot research into the influence of green roofs on the environment in urban agglomerations and proposes different kinds of plants for different kinds of roofs, respectively.
Highlights
Over the last 10 years, Poland, as well as all Central and Eastern Europe have experienced extreme weather phenomena, such as hurricane winds or cyclones, which are unusual for the local climate there
Due to the fact that most publications are related to laboratory tests or experiments carried out on existing green roofs, the results very often reflect the impact of the environment on the green roof in specific climatic conditions and a location of research facilities
The green roof structure consisted of many layers, including a thermal insulation layer (3), a waterproofing layer (2,4), a drainage layer (5), and a soil substrate (7) allowing the plants to grow on the entire area, or a part of the roof surface
Summary
Over the last 10 years, Poland, as well as all Central and Eastern Europe have experienced extreme weather phenomena, such as hurricane winds or cyclones, which are unusual for the local climate there This is related to increasingly visible climate changes, causing, for instance, higher average monthly temperatures, longer periods of dry weather (causing steppe formation of soil), followed by torrential rains or violent storms [1,2]. Due to the fact that the power industry in post-communist countries uses mainly hard coal and lignite, air quality is seriously deteriorating This has been very clearly visible over the last 25 years, with an increase in concentrations of PM2.5 and PM10 particulate matter in urban areas during the heating season (from the beginning of October to the end of April) [7]. This solution has been used in some parts of Europe for hundreds of years—turf roofs were used
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