Abstract
Global climate change that occurred in this century can affect the pattern of rain and increase in temperature on earth. This study aims to determine and analyze the increase in rainfall, air temperature, potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in the Bengkulu watershed. For this reason, the regional rainfall is calculated using the Thiessen Polygon, the mean air temperature of the watershed based on the median elevation, potential evapotranspiration using the Thornthwaite Method and actual evapotranspiration using the basis of the difference in rainfall to potential evapotranspiration. The results showed that every year there was an increase in rainfall, air temperature, potential evapotranspiration and actual evapotranspiration in the Bengkulu Watershed. In the 2009-2013 period, the average annual rainfall of 3,581 mm increased to 3,641 mm in the 2014-2018 period. For air temperature, the average monthly air temperature in the Bengkulu Watershed for the 2009-2013 period was 25.8°C, while the air temperature in the 2014-2018 period was 26.1°C. This means that in a period of 5 years there is an increase in temperature of 0.3°C. Furthermore, due to the increase in air temperature, there was an increase in the average monthly potential evapotranspiration from the 2009-2013 period to the 2014-2018 period, namely from 1,493 mm to 1,537 mm, while for actual evapotranspiration there was an increase from 1,486 mm to 1,518 mm.
Highlights
According to United Nation Environmental Program (UNEP) experts, climate change is a major environmental problem of this century
The pattern of annual rainfall during 2009 to 2018 in the three sub-watersheds in the Bengkulu watershed can be shown in Table 3 and Figure 2.Based on Table 3 and Figure 2, it can be seen that every year the average annual rainfall in the Bengkulu watershed has increased
Observing the average rainfall per period, in the 2009-2013 period the average annual rainfall of 3,581 mm increased to 3,641 mm in the 2014-2018 period
Summary
According to United Nation Environmental Program (UNEP) experts, climate change is a major environmental problem of this century. Some indications of the impact of climate change are the increased air temperature and changing rainfall patterns [1]. As a result of changes in climate elements, the condition of water resources can change [2]. The amount of water on earth is constant, as is the amount of water that can be accommodated in a watershed. The existence of a phenomenon of shortage and excess of water in an area is only a matter of its unequal distribution, or because the phases of its form in the hydrological cycle are not balanced. The problem in water management is that water can be sufficiently available where it is needed with good and sustainable quality [3,4]
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