The Impact of Fatty Acid Diisopropanolamides on Marine Gas Oil Lubricity

George Anastopoulos,Stamatios Kaligeros,Dimitrios Karonis,Ypatia Zannikou,Fanourios Zannikos,Petros Schinas

doi:10.3390/lubricants5030028

George Anastopoulos, Stamatios Kaligeros + Show 4 more

Open Access

https://doi.org/10.3390/lubricants5030028

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Abstract

In this study, seven mixtures of diisopropanolamides that were synthesized from various vegetable oils (sunflower oil, soybean oil, cotton seed oil, olive oil, tobacco seed oil, coconut oil, used frying oil) were used as lubricating additives in a low-sulfur marine gas oil. All tribological measurements were carried out by using the high-frequency reciprocating ring (HFRR) test procedure, according to EN ISO 12156-1. The obtained wear results showed that all mixtures of diisopropanolamides used provide satisfactory a mean wear scar diameter (WS 1.4) of less than 520 μm, at concentration levels of 60–120 ppm. The concentrations below 60 ppm had no effect on the fuel lubricity. An increase in the concentration of the diisopropanolamide mixtures led to an insignificant increase of the lubrication effectiveness.

Highlights

It is well known that the maritime transport has an impact on the global climate and on air quality.In order to reduce the carbon dioxide (CO2 ) emissions and other ship emissions, such as nitrogen oxides (NOx ), sulphur oxides (SOx ), methane (CH4 ), particulate matter (PM) and black carbon (BC), stricter regulations have been implemented [1]
100 to as there was an increase in the concentration of soybean oil diisopropanolamides from to ppm, where the maximum permissible scar diameter for commercial marine ppm, where the maximum permissible meanmean wearwear scar diameter for commercial marine fuels ppm, where the maximum permissible high-frequency reciprocating ring (HFRR) mean wear scar diameter for commercial marine fuels fuels was satisfied
1.4 value well within the required limit, a notable improvement in the fuel lubricity was observed with the addition of ppm of the diisopropanolamides mixture, where the capable of achieving a Wear Scar (WS) 1.4 value well within the required limit, a notable improvement in the fuel lubricity was observed with the addition of ppm of the diisopropanolamides mixture, where the wear scar diameter was with decreased to 510 μm

Summary

Introduction

It is well known that the maritime transport has an impact on the global climate and on air quality. This means that the metallic parts have been working in closer contact When this condition occurs, the lubricity of the fuel has high importance in order to prevent seizure failure [4,5]. The same situation occurred in the early 1990s, when low-sulfur diesel fuels were introduced to the automotive market; lubricity was likewise poorly understood, and field issues rapidly followed, involving excessive and rapid fuel pump wear [6] It was established through the past years that the ship engineers must use marine fuel with high viscosity in order to prevent failure from wear. This study includes the evaluation of the lubricating properties of low-sulfur marine gas oil, additized with seven mixtures of fatty acid diisopropanolamides The scope of this effort is to identify the minimum concentration of the above compounds. The impact of amides and acid esters on the lubricity of automotive diesel has been closely examined, their impact on the tribological behaviour of low-sulfur middle distillate gas oils which are mainly used in marine compression ignition engines has not been examined in appropriate detail

Materials

Preparation of Diisopropanolamides

Lubricity Measurements

Impact

Conclusions