Abstract
The article highlights international dimensions of the emergence and transformation of migration policies in Turkey from the early 2000s onwards, including the context of the Syrian displacement, which made Turkey the top refugee hosting country in the world. While the transformation of migration governance in Turkey has widely been discussed, the effects of externalization on Turkey have remained focused on foreign policy and Turkey-EU relations. Only recently has the research explored the socio-legal implications of migration governance in terms of the emergence of categorizations leading to differentiated inclusion of migrant groups. The article establishes the historical and conceptual link between technocratic responses to externalization dynamics and the emergence of differentiated legal status. The article argues that measures of externalization brought a technocratic approach to migration governance. As a result, the complex, controversial aspects of the externalization process, such as the production of differentiated legal statuses amongst migrant communities with protection needs, have so far been overshadowed.
Highlights
European Union (EU) external governance is generally defined as the expansion of EU rules beyond EU borders (Lavenex & Schimmelfennig, 2009; Qadim, 2014, p. 244)
Albeit valuable, does not sufficiently discuss mechanisms of externalization and responses to it. In relation to these emerging and fruitful literatures, the article invites us to read the recent developments in Turkey as the continuation of a historically technocratic approach to migration governance despite recent politicization and, at the same time as an extension of control and humanitarian dynamics widely discussed in the context of border externalization
Dealing with socio-legal implications, this article has discussed that the emergence of differentiated legal status amongst migrants and refugee groups have been one outcome of externalization measures in Turkey and that this process was embedded within a technocratic approach to migration governance despite recent politicization
Summary
European Union (EU) external governance is generally defined as the expansion of EU rules beyond EU borders (Lavenex & Schimmelfennig, 2009; Qadim, 2014, p. 244). The analytical connection between the technocratic approach to migration and the production of differentiated legal status is established through an inter-connected reading of recent literature on the EU impact on Turkey’s migration governance from early 1990s until the present challenge of refugee arrivals from Syria and on the conceptual framing of externalization practices from critical security studies.
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