The Impact of Emerging 5G Technology on U.S. Weather Prediction

Abstract

Fifth generation (5G) wireless networks promise to provide faster and more expansive data connectivity, exceeding thresholds from previous fourth generation (4G) technology. The deployment of 5G infrastructure requires allocating additional frequencies in radio bands at 24 gigahertz (GHz), potentially contaminating neighboring remote sensing bands used for weather forecasting and prediction. The current U.S. out-of-band emissions limit at 24 GHz of -20 dBW per 200 MHz is projected to degrade meteorological forecast accuracy by up to 30%, reducing the hurricane forecast lead time by 2 to 3 days, and endangering thousands of additional lives. Under the Weather Research and Forecasting Innovation Act of 2017 (Pub.L 115-25), the National Oceanic and Atmospheric Administration (NOAA) must develop more accurate and timely severe weather forecasts in order to protect life and property and reduce economic risk; however, the potential out-of-band interference from the roll out of 5G threatens this aim. Given U.S. economic reliance on accurate weather prediction (estimated to be in the trillions of dollars), we propose that Congress mandate stricter noise restrictions to adequately meet requirements of the Pub.L 115-25, while minimizing disruption to 5G deployment.