The Impact of Ejection Fraction on Major Adverse Limb Events after Lower Extremity Revascularization

Abstract

Peripheral arterial disease (PAD) is commonly associated with coronary artery disease, and echocardiography is frequently performed before lower extremity revascularization (LER). However, the incidence of various echocardiographic findings in patients with PAD and their impact on the outcomes of LER has not been well studied. Reduced ejection fraction (EF)≤40% is associated with increased major adverse limb events (MALE) after LER. The electronic medical records of patients undergoing LER in a single center were reviewed. Patients were divided based on the presence or absence of reduced EF. Patient, transthoracic echocardiogram, procedural characteristics, and outcomes were compared between the 2 groups. A total of 1,114 patients (N=131, 11.8% with reduced EF) underwent LER between 2013 and 2019. Patients with reduced EF were more likely to be male and have a history of coronary artery disease and heart failure. Furthermore, they were more likely to have diastolic dysfunction with moderate to severe mitral and tricuspid valve regurgitation. Patients with reduced EF were more likely to undergo LER for chronic limb-threatening ischemia, and to be treated with endovascular procedures. Perioperatively, patients with reduced EF were more likely to develop myocardial infarction. Lastly, the 2 groups had no difference in overall MALE or major amputation. However, on Kaplan-Meier curves, MALE-free survival was significantly lower for patients with reduced EF. Regression analysis demonstrated that indication and not EF was associated with MALE and MALE-free survival. Reduced EF is associated with decreased MALE-free survival for patients with PAD undergoing LER.