The Impact of Economic, Energy, and Environmental Factors on the Development of the Hydrogen Economy

Justyna Cader,Piotr Olczak,Renata Koneczna

doi:10.3390/en14164811

Abstract

This article attempts to model interdependencies between socio-economic, energy, and environmental factors with selected data characterizing the development of the hydrogen economy. The study applies Spearman’s correlation and a linear regression model to estimate the influence of gross domestic product, population, final energy consumption, renewable energy, and CO2 emission on chosen hydrogen indicators—production, patents, energy technology research, development, and demonstration budgets. The study was conducted in nine countries selected for their actions towards a hydrogen economy based on analyses of national strategies, policies, research and development programs, and roadmaps. The results confirm the statistically significant impact of the chosen indicators, which are the drivers for the development of the hydrogen economy from 2008 to 2018. Moreover, the empirical results show that different characteristics in each country contribute to the development of the hydrogen economy vision.

Highlights

Introduction on the Development of theHydrogenIn recent years, hydrogen production and fuel cell technologies have attracted the attention of the authorities in many countries
Hydrogen production and fuel cell technologies have attracted the attention of the authorities in many countries
Using Spearman’s correlation and a linear regression approach, the relationship between indicators was examined in this research

Summary

Introduction

Introduction on the Development of theHydrogenIn recent years, hydrogen production and fuel cell technologies have attracted the attention of the authorities in many countries. The number of research studies related to these technologies increases significantly every year. Such technologies are perceived as breakthrough solutions with the potential to become clean and sustainable energy carriers [1]. Many countries include the possibility of supporting the development of hydrogen and fuel cell vehicle production (along with the necessary infrastructure) in their energy policy scenarios for the coming years. These policies are connected to the national net-zero emissions target declarations in European [2,3,4,5,6,7] and. Hydrogen is predicted to play a significant role in the energy transformation of global economies [13]

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Results

Conclusion