Abstract
The prevalence of diabetes type 2 (T2DM) and obesity is growing exponentially and becoming a global public health problem. The enzymes of glucose metabolism play a role in the pathogenesis of insulin resistance and T2DM. A pathophysiological link between different dietary patterns, HFD, obesity, T2DM and the enzymes of glucose metabolism can be used as a potential target in therapeutic strategies for the treatment of obesity, and T2DM. The aim of this study was to measure the impact of DJOS bariatric surgery and different types of dietary patterns on glycogen synthase kinase 3 α (GSK-3α), glycogen phosphorylase (PYGM, PYGL), and phosphofructokinase (PFK-1) concentrations in liver and soleus muscle tissues of rats. After 8 weeks on a high-fat diet (HF) or control diet (CD), rats underwent duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) or SHAM (control) surgery. After surgery, for the next 8 weeks, half of DJOS/SHAM animals were kept on the same diet as before, and half had a changed diet. The concentrations of GSK-3α, PYGM, PYGL and PFK-1 were measured in the soleus muscles and livers of the Sprague-Dawley rats. The type of diet applied before/after surgery had stronger impact on levels of selected metabolic enzymes than DJOS or SHAM surgery. The impact of DJOS surgery was visible for GSK-3α and PYGL concentration in the liver but not in the soleus muscle tissue. The type of bariatric surgery had an impact on liver GSK-3α concentration in all studied groups except the CD/CD group, where the impact of diet was stronger. DJOS bariatric surgery influenced the level of PYGL in the livers of rats maintained on the CD/CD diet but not from other groups. The dietary patterns applied before and after bariatric surgery, had a stronger impact on enzymes’ concentrations than DJOS surgery, and the strong, deleterious effect of an HF was observed. A change of the diet per se showed a negative impact on the enzymes’ tissue concentration.
Highlights
After excessive weight and obesity became widespread, the prevalence of diabetes type 2 (T2DM) grew exponentially and became a global public health problem
A change of diet from control diet (CD) to high-fat diet (HF) and vice versa after duodenal-jejunal omega switch (DJOS) and SHAM-type of surgery led to impaired insulin tolerance
DJOS animals exhibited significantly reduced AUCOGTT and ameliorated glucose tolerance in the groups maintained on the same diet before and after the surgery HF/HF and CD/CD
Summary
After excessive weight and obesity became widespread, the prevalence of diabetes type 2 (T2DM) grew exponentially and became a global public health problem. GSK-3 activity is inhibited by high glucose and insulin availability via the action of insulin through PI3 kinase (phosphatidylinositol4,5-bisphosphate 3-kinase)/PKB (protein kinase B) pathways Those processes lead to the activation of GS and stimulation of glycogen formation (Frame and Cohen, 2001; Grimes and Jope, 2001; Pandey and DeGrado, 2016). It is known, that overexpression and over-activity of GSK-3 are associated with insulin resistance in type 2 diabetes. The target of the study was to assess the impact of different types of dietary patterns in conjunction with DJOS surgery on GSK-3α, PYGM, PYGL, and PFK-1 in the liver and soleus muscles of rats. We assessed the effect of the DJOS surgery together with control diet (CD), and an HF diet, in advance of and following surgery, on the glucose metabolism, measured using the enzymes mentioned above
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