Abstract
ABSTRACT Evidence suggests that disability negatively affects people’s propensity to find a partner. Persons with disabilities that eventually find a partner do so later in life compared to the average population. There is a lack of studies on the differences in partnership opportunities for persons with disabilities compared to those without disabilities in Sweden. The aim of this study is to assess the impact of disability on partnership formation and to assess whether partnership formation varies as a function of individual demographic and socio-economic factors. We use nationwide data available in the Swedish Initiative for Research on Microdata in Social and Medical Sciences (Umeå SIMSAM Lab). We follow persons born from 1973 to 1977 when they were from 16 to 37 years of age and analyze their data using logistic regression. Our findings indicate that regardless of whether a person started to receive a disability pension at an early age or later, it was associated with lower odds for partnership formation. For persons who started receiving disability pension from 16 to 20 years of age, chances for partnership formation reduced with increase in age of partnership. Individuals that started to receive disability pension later were more likely to form partnership prior to receiving disability pension. Partnership formation was less likely among persons born outside Sweden, in persons with mothers born outside Sweden, in individuals born by unmarried mothers and in persons, whose mothers had a high level of education. Partnership was high among women and among persons who had many maternal siblings. In conclusion, receiving disability pension was associated with reduced chances for partnership formation. Receiving disability pension might imply financial constraints that negatively influence partnership formation supporting Oppenheimer’s theory on the economic cost of marriage and the uncertainty hypothesis.
Highlights
According to the Eurostat 2010 report, disability affects approximately 10–12% of the population (OECD, 2010)
This study used a large-scale longitudinal dataset consisting of the total Swedish population born from 1973 to 1977 and showed that receiving a disability pension was associated with lower odds of partnership formation via marriage/cohabitation and that age when disability pension was first received was associated with age at partnership formation
Our study showed that individuals born outside Sweden were less likely to enter into cohabitation and marriage compared to their counterparts born in Sweden
Summary
According to the Eurostat 2010 report, disability affects approximately 10–12% of the population (OECD, 2010). In this study of the impact of disability on partnership formation in Sweden, we define the state of disability as having received disability pension during the study period. Sweden established the first disability pension scheme in the 1950s. Since this time, it has been subject to several reforms. The disability pension reforms of the 1990s restricted eligibility to persons from 16 to 64 years of age who could provide medical evidence of their inability to work. In 2003, the term ‘disability pension’ was replaced by ‘activity compensation’ and ‘sickness compensation’, with eligibility based on medical evidence that showed a chronically reduced working capacity (Försäkringskassan, 2004). Having a chronically disabling condition might create social barriers that affect partnership formation (Rapegno & Ravaud, 2017)
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