The impact of direct-acting antiviral treatment on glycemic homeostasis in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Abstract

There is robust epidemiological evidence suggesting the link of chronic hepatitis C virus (HCV) infection with type 2 diabetes mellitus (DM). Viral clearance achieved by direct acting antiviral agents (DAAs) has been associated to significant improvements in glycometabolic control but data on the long-term effect of sustained virological response (SVR) on diabetic disease are limited. The aim of this review is to evaluate the influence of SVR after DAA-based therapy on insulin resistance (IR) and DM incidence in non-diabetic patients, on the glycemic homeostasis in diabetic patients and on their long-term hepatic and metabolic outcomes. An electronic search of Embase, PubMed, MEDLINE, Ovid and the Cochrane Database of Systematic Reviews was performed for papers regarding the effect of DAA-induced SVR on the glycometabolic control and clinical outcomes of HCV-positive diabetic patients up to September 30, 2020. Among non-diabetic patients, a significant reduction in the risk of IR and DM was reported by the vast majority of the studies; the glycometabolic control significantly improved in diabetic patients during and immediately after the end of antiviral treatment. However, whether this beneficial effect is long lasting is still matter of debate. Furthermore, at variance with data obtained during the Interferon era, DM does not seem to be an unfavorable predictive factor of hepatocellular carcinoma in cured patients. A favorable influence of DAA-induced SVR on IR and DM incidence and on glycemic control is reported by several studies. However, the long-term biochemical, metabolic and clinical impact of this endocrine benefit remains largely unknown.