Abstract
Compared to other engines of the same size, diesel engines are more economical in addition to their ability to generate high power. For this reason, they are widely used in many fields such as industry, agriculture, transportation, electricity generation. The increasing environmental concerns and diminishing oil resources led researchers to improve fuel consumption and emissions. In this context, the usage of Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) fuel in diesel engines is one of the important research subjects that has been keeping up to date. This paper investigates the effects of LPG direct injection towards the end of air inlet period on engine emissions and performance characteristics. A four-stroke, air cooled, single cylinder diesel engine was modified to direct injection of LPG for diesel/LPG dual fuel operation. An Electronic Control Unit (ECU) was designed and used to adjust LPG injection timing and duration. LPG injection rates were selected as 30%, 50% and 70% on a mass base. The test engine was operated at 3000 rpm constant engine speed under varying load conditions. Throughout the experiments, it was observed that smoke density significantly reduced on the dual-fuel operation, compared to the pure diesel operation. Carbon Monoxide (CO) and Hydrocarbon (HC) emissions decreased by 30% and 20%, respectively. Brake Specific Fuel Consumption (BSFC) decreased by 8%. Nitrogen Oxide (NOx) emissions increased by 6% while effective efficiency increased up to 1.25%.
Highlights
Because of the rapidly increasing human population around the world, mechanization and energy requirements have increased in many fields such as transportation, agriculture, electric generation and heavy industry
The objective of this study is to observe the effect of diesel/Liquefied Petroleum Gas (LPG) dual fuel, on engine performance and exhaust emissions of a DI small diesel engine at constant engine speed and different loads
The ignition delay, uncontrolled combustion, and post-combustion phases were occurred in a short time because of better atomization of the LPG fuel in the cylinder
Summary
Because of the rapidly increasing human population around the world, mechanization and energy requirements have increased in many fields such as transportation, agriculture, electric generation and heavy industry. The diesel engine has a very high utilization rate in those fields due to producing high power at low cost when compared with other engine types in the same size range. Depending on the widespread use of diesel engines, the essential research titles related to the diesel engines are improving the performance and reducing the harmful emissions while the fuel consumption is decreasing. Because of exhausting lifetimes of fossil fuels and tightening emissions standards around the world, developing eco-friendly fuels and fuel systems for diesel engines has been keeping up its importance. There are many studies to improve engine performance and reduce harmful emissions by using alternative fuels [1,2,3,4]. Biodiesel produced from various sources such as vegetable oil, animal fat, waste
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