Abstract
BackgroundComorbidity of migraine with anxiety and depression may play a role in the link between migraine and obesity. We examined the moderating and mediating roles of ghrelin in the relationship between depression (and anxiety) and body weight in newly diagnosed migraineurs.MethodsParticipants were 63 newly diagnosed migraine patients (using the ICHD-II criteria) and 42 healthy volunteers. Body mass index (BMI) was calculated by measuring height and weight. Ghrelin was assessed at fasting. Depression was assessed with the Hamilton Depression scale, and anxiety with the Hamilton Anxiety scale.ResultsThe data did not support the mediating role of ghrelin in the relationship between depression (or anxiety) and BMI for either the migraine or the control group. The interaction between ghrelin and depression as well as anxiety was significant for the migraine group, but not for the control group. Depressed (or anxious) migraineurs had a positive association between ghrelin and BMI, whereas for the non-depressed (or non-anxious) migraineurs this association was negative.ConclusionsDepression and anxiety moderated the effect of ghrelin on BMI for migraineurs. Management of anxiety and depression might be regarded as part of migraine treatment.
Highlights
Comorbidity of migraine with anxiety and depression may play a role in the link between migraine and obesity
We aimed to examine the role of chronic anxiety and depression on body weight, and the moderating and mediating roles of ghrelin in these relationships in newly diagnosed, otherwise healthy, non-diabetic migraine patients
There were no significant differences between the migraine and control groups in terms of age and gender (t = .92, p = .36, and Χ2 = 2.01, p = .17, respectively)
Summary
Comorbidity of migraine with anxiety and depression may play a role in the link between migraine and obesity. We examined the moderating and mediating roles of ghrelin in the relationship between depression (and anxiety) and body weight in newly diagnosed migraineurs. Migraine is a recurrent neurovascular disorder with moderate to severe throbbing and mostly unilateral headache with or without photo-phonophobia and nausea [1]. A number of studies reported increased prevalence of migraine in individuals with depression and anxiety [5,6,7,8,9,10]. Comorbidity of migraine with metabolic disorders, such as obesity and insulin resistance, has been reported [11]. In patients suffering from migraine, increase in body weight is associated with higher
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