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Abstract
The article is focused on the changes in soil characteristics caused by the drainage of agricultural soils in the Czech Republic. The basis of the research was to compare current state with the state before drainage using available historical data. To resolve the subject of the research, two smaller study areas with different soil uses were chosen. The Haklovy Dvory area is an arable land that is intensively used. The other area is used mainly for grazing (extensively) and it is called ?elezna study area. In many cases, historical data regarding the quality of surface water and groundwater (well water) in the two areas is readily available; therefore, the same approach was taken for monitoring the current quality of drainage water. Several chemical indicators were measured in the water: pH, alkalinity-acidity, overall hardness, concentration of selected cations (magnesium, calcium, potassium, ammonia), concentration of bicarbonates, nitrates, nitrites, sulphates, phosphates, chlorides and the electrical conductivity of the water. During the entire course of the monitoring, no serious water pollution was found in ?elezna study area (with the exception of one sample point). In case of the intensively managed Haklovy Dvory study area, a significant pollution in all drainage water samples was confirmed. We can safely formulate a hypothesis that the drainage water quality is related to the type of agriculture procedure practiced on the land. Mainly the intensive type of agriculture, because of the use of fertilizers, has a negative impact on drainage water quality, and subsequently on the quality of surface watercourses.
Highlights
This contribution arises from a research assignment dealing with the adverse changes in soil properties and the negative impact on chemical and physical soil characteristics that have occurred in agricultural soils as a result of their drainage
Historical data regarding the quality of surface water and groundwater in the two areas is readily available; the same approach was taken for monitoring the current quality of drainage water
We will evaluate the changes in chemical characteristics that have occurred over time at the various sample points, as well as their changes in the various samples collected at the same time, with an analysis of their impact on the qualitative categorization of the water
Summary
This contribution arises from a research assignment dealing with the adverse changes in soil properties and the negative impact on chemical and physical soil characteristics that have occurred in agricultural soils as a result of their drainage. These changes are one example of the negative impact that intensive agriculture has on the soil and on the environment in general. The papers presented at the conference that we found the most interesting and stimulating for our work were those of the following authors [2]-[10] These papers dealt with, among other things, the possible dramatic changes in soils caused by the construction of irrigation and drainage systems, and their long-term intensive use
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