Abstract
Additive manufacturing (AM), 3D printing, is defined as a process of depositing materials layer by layer to create three-dimensional printed models, as opposed to subtractive manufacturing methodologies. It has the potential of revolutionizing field of manufacturing, which allows us to create more complex geometries with lower cost and faster speed in comparison to injection molding, compression forming, and forging. Therefore, 3D printing can shorten the design manufacturing cycle, reduce the production cost, and increase the competitiveness. Due to the improvements of processes and advancements of modeling and design, Fused Deposition Modeling (FDM) technologies, a common 3D printing technique, have been involved in wide various applications in the past three decades and numerous studies have been gathered. This research work studies directional properties of FDM 3D printed thermoplastic parts per ASTM D638. Tensile strength and modulus of the coupons along and perpendicular to the printing direction are evaluated. It is observed that FDM 3D printing introduces anisotropic behavior to the manufactured part, e.g. tensile strength of 57.7 and 30.8 MPa for loading along and perpendicular to the printing direction, respectively. FDM 3D printers are not ideal and introduce defects into the manufactured parts, e.g. in the form of missing material, gap. This study investigates the impact of gaps on tensile strength and modulus of 3D printed parts. A maximum reduction of 20% in strength is found for a gap (missing bead) along the loading direction.
Highlights
Coupon C with quasi-isotropic stacking sequence has 20% higher failure strain compared with Coupon A, where all beads are along the loading direction
Modulus, and failure strain for specimens with and without defects have been obtained and Scanning Electron Microscope (SEM) imaging of fracture surfaces has been performed
It is observed that Fused deposition modeling (FDM) 3D printing of PLA introduces anisotropic behavior to the specimens, where printing along the loading direction ([0]24) showed a tensile strength of 57.7 MPa compared with printing perpendicular to the loading direction with a tensile strength of 30.8 MPa. [0]24 stacking sequence results in the highest tensile strength and modulus compared with [90]24 and [45/0/90/-45]3s samples
Summary
Fused deposition modeling (FDM) is one of the most common additive manufacturing techniques to fabricate complex three-dimensional components to a near-net shape. Throughout this manufacturing process, generally one material is being used for model, which is known as filament, and in some cases support material is required and being used in printing as well. This material is generally being deposited through a different nozzle than the filament.
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