Abstract
The present study aimed to investigate the perceived changes in lifestyle behaviors among Spanish university students during COVID-19-related confinement. An observational, descriptive, and cross-sectional survey study was conducted during April 2020. Sociodemographic and anthropometric data were then obtained. The FANTASTIC questionnaire was used to assess the lifestyles of the 488 participants who took part in the study. Of the participants, 76.3% were female. Overall, the lifestyles of university students significantly deteriorated during the period of confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain. University female students were especially affected compared to their male fellows (p = 0.010). For women, social and family relationships (p < 0.001), personality (p < 0.001), interior (p < 0.001), and career (p < 0.001) were the aspects that worsened during confinement. For men, lack of physical exercise (p < 0.001), social and family relationships (p < 0.001), and career (p = 0.002) were affected to a greater extent. In both cases, confinement was a protective factor against the consumption of tobacco, toxins (p < 0.001), and alcohol (p < 0.001). Gender (p = 0.008) and obesity (p = 0.044) were the two factors that most affected the change in the score of the FANTASTIC questionnaire. Spanish university students’ lifestyles worsened during the lockdown caused by the COVID-19 pandemic, especially those of women, who were the most affected. Some aspects, such as those related to social and emotional behaviors, were deeply affected, while confinement could be a protective factor against previous toxic habits.
Highlights
The world is experiencing one of the most important global challenges in infectious disease management in recent times [1]
As for the participants with work activity, there was a higher proportion of men who worked both before (χ2 = 7.5, p = 0.006) and during (χ2 = 4.8, p = 0.028) the quarantine, with women losing the most jobs during the confinement
In general, the lifestyles of university students worsened significantly during confinement caused by the COVID-19 pandemic in Spain
Summary
The world is experiencing one of the most important global challenges in infectious disease management in recent times [1]. The negative evolution towards complex lung diseases, generalized organ swelling and death, as well as the high expansion and contagion capacity attributed to this virus, led the World Health Organization (WHO) to declare the state of a world pandemic in March 2020 [3,4,5]. This caused a wave of confinements around the world as a preventive measure. The Spanish population spent 49 days at home with restrictions on mobility, as all exits from their home were forbidden, except for basic food items and medicine shopping, work-identified essential areas, or transfers to hospitals [8,9]
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