The impact of COVID-19 on shoulder and elbow trauma in a skeletally immature population: an Italian survey

Abstract

BackgroundThe aim of this study was to evaluate the impact of COVID-19 on the shoulder and elbow trauma in a skeletally immature population in 30 days starting from March 8, 2020, the first day of restrictions in Italy, and to compare it with the same period of 2019.Materials and methodsAll the skeletally immature (younger than 18 years) patients managed in the emergency unit of our hospital between March 8, 2020, and April 8, 2020 (COVID-19 [C19] period), for a shoulder and elbow trauma were retrospectively included and compared with patients with similar ages admitted in the same period of 2019 (no COVID-19 period). Six categories of diagnosis were distinguished: (1) contusions, (2) no physeal fractures, (3) physeal fractures (Salter-Harris), (4) sprains/subluxations, (5) dislocations, and (6) others (tendinitis, wounds, low back pain, and joint inflammation). According to the mechanism of injury, we arbitrarily distinguished 5 subgroups: (1) accidental fall; (2) sport trauma; (3) accident at school; (4) high-energy trauma occurred by car, public transport, and pedestrian investment; and (5) fall from height.ResultsDuring the C19 period, the number of total accesses in our trauma center steeply decreased: two-thirds less. Regardless of the patient age, we performed 65% less first aid shoulder/elbow services. The number of skeletally immature patients treated at our trauma center for all types of injuries was 350 during the no COVID-19 period and 54 during the C19 period; therefore, the influx of pediatric patients during the C19 period decreased by 84.6%. Furthermore, during the C19 period, (1) there were no cases of fractures, physeal fractures, and dislocations of the shoulder; (2) there were no cases of contusion, physeal fractures, and dislocations of the elbow; and (3) we observed the absence of high-energy, sports, and school injuries; and (4) during the pandemic, shoulder and elbow injuries mainly occurred as a result of accidental fall at home.ConclusionsThe pandemic forced us to become aware of the ways and places where skeletally immature subjects report shoulder and elbow traumas; therefore, it would be desirable that more considerable attention be directed toward the prevention of injury in areas at risk.