The impact of COVID-19 in diabetic patient

Abstract

The global pandemic SARS-CoV-2 (COVID-19) is causing thousands of deaths worldwide and is one of the greatest health challenges ever faced in human history. SARS-CoV-2 infection can cause fatal lung injuries caused by a generalized inflammatory state associated with multi-organ dysfunction. In this context, it is essential to recognize the factors that increase the risk of viral infection. People with pre-existing conditions, such as diabetes, are at greater risk of complications and death caused by COVID-19. Old age, possible chronic drug therapies, kidney failure, hyperglycemia, and heart disease, are predictive factors of a bad outcome for the diabetic patient. The regulation of glycemia and the adoption of appropriate measures are critical aspects to be taken into consideration for the diabetic patient in this pandemic period, especially in the patient with ongoing infection. In the latter, the use of drugs used to fight COVID-19 infection, such as antivirals or immunomodulants, must be well controlled to avoid possible drug interactions and major complications. People with diabetes fall into the category of the fragile and at-risk population, and if a COVID-19 infection is also ongoing, the patient must be managed optimally, trying to fight the virus but also without neglecting homeostasis and glycemic control. This analysis highlights the current knowledge and challenges for the prevention and management of patients with diabetes and COVID-19 infection.