Abstract
Core Ideas Meta‐analysis compared soil hydrology in perennial‐ and annual‐based crop systems. Continuous living cover practices significantly increased porosity, field capacity. There may be a greater effect in drier environments and sandier soils. Experiments in place longer than ten years also tended to increase the properties. Results suggest how continuous living cover can negate rainfall variability impacts. Increased rainfall variability due to climate change threatens the efficacy of critical soil ecosystem services. One strategy to negate effects of too much or not enough rainfall is to improve soil water properties. Practices that offer “continuous living cover” can enhance soil water storage and other soil hydrologic properties relative to annual crop systems, but to what extent such benefits can accrue, under different conditions, remains under‐quantified. To address these uncertainties, we conducted a meta‐analysis that included 27 studies representing 93 paired observations measuring two soil hydrologic properties: porosity and the water retained at field capacity. All experiments compared the impact of continuous living cover practices (cover crops, perennial grasses, agroforestry and managed forestry) to annual crop controls. Continuous living cover significantly increased total porosity (8.0 ± 2.2%) and the water retained at field capacity (9.3 ± 2.7%). There was some evidence indicating improved effects in relatively drier environments (<900 mm annual rainfall) and in regions with sandier soils. There was no evidence of publication bias, and a sensitivity analysis indicated that overall effects were robust. The similar direction and magnitude of improvements in both properties could be evidence of similar physical and chemical processes impacted by the continuous presence of living roots. Overall, our findings suggest that continuous living cover practices may be a potential adaptation strategy to combat rainfall variability. Furthermore, properties such as porosity and field capacity may serve as proxies to determine how management influences soil water and heath more broadly.
Highlights
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronomyfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences
Continuous living cover significantly increased total porosity (8.0 ± 2.2%) and the water retained at field capacity (9.3 ± 2.7%)
The soil properties focused on in this analysis were total porosity and the water retained at field capacity
Summary
Follow this and additional works at: https://digitalcommons.unl.edu/agronomyfacpub Part of the Agricultural Science Commons, Agriculture Commons, Agronomy and Crop Sciences. Our findings suggest that continuous living cover practices may be a potential adaptation strategy to combat rainfall variability Properties such as porosity and field capacity may serve as proxies to determine how management influences soil water and heath more broadly. One approach to regenerating soil health is the adoption of cropping practices that ensure “continuous living cover” of the soil, or the presence of live roots in the ground throughout the entire year ( Jordan and Warner, 2010) This approach is in contrast to annual cropping systems that typically have extended periods of bare soil, and it affords the direct benefits of preventing nutrient loss (through plant uptake) as well as erosion protection (through minimizing the impact of rainfall and wind). Continuous living cover practices contribute to the chemical and physical processes that provide enhanced soil water storage, including increasing organic matter and improving soil aggregation (Hudson, 1994; Emerson, 1995)
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