The Impact of Consumption of Dairy Products on Phospholipid Metabolism: A Systematic Review

Abstract

ObjectivesMetabolomics approach indicates that circulating phospholipid (PL) and some PL species are associated with a lower insulin resistance risk. Evidence suggests that dairy products’ health beneficial effects may pertain to their regulatory influence on PL metabolism. Therefore, we aimed to systematically review the existing literature of animal and human trials to unravel the impact of dairy products on the concentration of PL and its metabolism. MethodsThree online databases, including PubMed, Scopus, and Web of Science, were searched to find relevant studies published in peer-reviewed journals between January 2000 and July 2020. Included studies were interventional trials (animal and human) that investigated the effect of dairy or its subtypes on the circulating or liver content of PL and its species. The risk of bias (RoB) in trials in humans and animals was assessed using the revised Cochrane’s and SYRCLE’s RoB assessment, respectively. Since there was marked methodological heterogeneity, a meta-analysis did not perform. ResultsIn this review, 2427 articles were identified and screened after removing duplicate articles. Following evaluation of the titles and abstracts and then full-text assessment, 17 studies were identified that met the inclusion criteria. Studies were classified according to their type, resulting in nine human trials and eight animal studies. For human studies, the RoB assessment indicated that more than 55% of studies had high RoB. None animal studies receive low RoB because of the lack of methodological information. Findings from human studies revealed that plasma/serum concentration of PL did not change after intervention with dairy products. PL concentration remained stable even after a high dosage of milk supplemented with dairy-derived PL; however, certain PC or LPC species were increased by interventions. These findings were also confirmed in animal studies. The interesting point in animal studies was that high fat diet-induced elevation of PL tends to be normalized after intervention with dairy products enriched with milk-PL. Furthermore, in mice, intervention with yogurt or cheese did not impact serum or liver content of PL or PC. ConclusionsDairy products can influence the blood concentration of PC and LPC species in both rodents and humans without alteration of total PL and PC. Funding SourcesAlberta Diabetes Institute.