The impact of computed tomography scanning on the child with renal trauma

Abstract

A six-year experience using computed tomography (CT) in the diagnosis of blunt abdominal trauma was reviewed to assess the impact of CT scanning on a patient with renal injury. Three questions were evaluated: Does the increased sensitivity of the CT scan alter the indications for surgery? Does the CT scan help predict the course and eventual outcome of nonoperative therapy? Are there circumstances when the CT scan is not the most efficient and cost effective method of diagnosis? One hundred seventy six consecutive patients with suspected renal trauma were reviewed. One hundred thirty eight were evaluated by CT scan and IVP, the other 38 by excretory urogram alone. Forty four renal injuries were identified. Four of these patients required urgent surgery and four others required later operation for unsuspected congenital anomalies. The injuries sustained by the other 36 cases resolved without surgery. Each patient has been followed for 1 to 5 years following their trauma, and their status assessed by questionnaire and physical examination. The CT technique provides better definition of the injury upon which to base the decision to operate or to enter the patient into nonoperative management. The extravasation seen on CT scan is frequently exaggerated and should not be an absolute indication for exploration. The scan provides improved follow-up data as to completeness of healing and allows directions to be given to the parents concerning resumption of full physical activities. The patients with asymptomatic posttraumatic hematuria, have in our experience, a very low incidence of intraperitoneal or retroperitoneal injuries. Therefore, these patients do not require the advantages of CT scan and may be screened by the less expensive intravenous pyelogram.