Abstract
In the context of climate change in West Africa characterized by a reduction of precipitation, this study was conducted to evaluate the impact of climate change on water resources from now to the end of the 21st century in the transboundary watershed of the Sassandra River shared by Guinea and Côte d’Ivoire. Historical and future climate data of Representative Concentration Pathways (RCPs) 4.5 and 8.5 were projected with the Abdus Salam International Centre for Theoretical Physics (ICTP) Regional Climate Model (RegCM4). The hydrological modeling of the river basin was carried out with the conceptual hydrological model, GR2M, a monthly time steps model that allows for the assessment of the discharge of the Sassandra River for each climate scenario according to the time periods 2021–2040 (Horizon 2030), 2041–2060 (Horizon 2050), 2061–2080 (Horizon 2050), and 2061–2080 (Horizon 2090). The results show a reduction in annual discharge when compared to the baseline (1961–1980). For RCP 4.5, the observed values go from −1.2% in 2030 to −2.3% in 2070 and rise to −2.1% in 2090. Concerning RCP 8.5, we saw a variation from −4.2 to −7.9% in Horizons 2030 and 2090, respectively. With the general decrease in rainfall in West Africa, it is appropriate to assess the impact on water resources of the largest rivers (Niger, Gambia, and Senegal) that irrigate the Sahelo–Saharian zone.
Highlights
West Africa is relatively well endowed with water resources that are renewed each year through a normal hydrological cycle [1]
In West Africa, these changes have had a negative impact on the water resource availability, as water resources are dwindling in the region due to the overall decline of rainfall [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]
The Sassandra River is a transboundary river located in West Africa that has its spring in the Forest Guinea (Guinea) and Denguélé (Côte d’Ivoire) regions
Summary
West Africa is relatively well endowed with water resources that are renewed each year through a normal hydrological cycle [1]. The problem with water is not so much the total quantity of water availability in the region, but its unequal distribution in space and time. In this context, Guinea has the particularity of being the main water provider for many countries in the region, Guinea’s being known as the “water tower” of West Africa. In West Africa, these changes have had a negative impact on the water resource availability, as water resources are dwindling in the region due to the overall decline of rainfall [5,6,7,8,9,10,11,12,13,14]
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