The Impact of Climate Change on the Resistance of Rice Near-Isogenic Lines with Resistance Genes Against Brown Planthopper

Yun-Hung Kuang,Yu-Fu Fang,Zhi-Wei Yang,Wen-Po Chuang,Shin-Fu Tsai,Kshirod K Jena,Shau-Ching Lin,Shou-Horng Huang,Charng-Pei Li,Sherry Lou Hechanova

doi:10.1186/s12284-021-00508-6

Abstract

BackgroundThe impact of climate change on insect resistance genes is elusive. Hence, we investigated the responses of rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) that carry resistance genes against brown planthopper (BPH) under different environmental conditions.ResultsWe tested these NILs under three environmental settings (the atmospheric temperature with corresponding carbon dioxide at the ambient, year 2050 and year 2100) based on the Intergovernmental Panel on Climate Change prediction. Comparing between different environments, two of nine NILs that carried a single BPH-resistant gene maintained their resistance under the environmental changes, whereas two of three NILs showed gene pyramiding with two maintained BPH resistance genes despite the environmental changes. In addition, two NILs (NIL-BPH17 and NIL-BPH20) were examined in their antibiosis and antixenosis effects under these environmental changes. BPH showed different responses to these two NILs, where the inhibitory effect of NIL-BPH17 on the BPH growth and development was unaffected, while NIL-BPH20 may have lost its resistance during the environmental changes.ConclusionOur results indicate that BPH resistance genes could be affected by climate change. NIL-BPH17 has a strong inhibitory effect on BPH feeding on phloem and would be unaffected by environmental changes, while NIL-BPH20 would lose its ability during the environmental changes.

Highlights

The impact of climate change on insect resistance genes is elusive
11 Near-isogenic line (NIL) (NIL-BPH4, NIL-BPH9, NIL-BPH10, NIL-BPH17, NILBPH18, NIL-BPH20, NIL-NPH21, NIL-BPH26, NILBPH2 + 32, NIL-BPH18 + 32, and NIL-BPH9 + 32) had a lower damage score compared to IR24 (Table 2), while NIL-BPH32 had a high damage score, which was similar to that of IR24
Under the 2100 setting, six NILs (NIL-BPH17, NIL-BPH20, NILBPH26, NIL-BPH32, NIL-BPH18 + 32, and NIL-BPH9 + 32) had a lower damage score compared to IR24 (Table 2), while six NILs (NIL-BPH4, NIL-BPH9, NIL-BPH10, NIL-BPH18, NIL-BPH21, and NIL-BPH2 + 32) had a high damage score, which was similar to that of IR24

Summary

Introduction

The impact of climate change on insect resistance genes is elusive. we investigated the responses of rice near-isogenic lines (NILs) that carry resistance genes against brown planthopper (BPH) under different environmental conditions. Rice (Oryza sativa L.) is an important staple cereal crop in Asian countries. It feeds more than half of the world’s population (Jena and Kim 2020), in which global rice production is approximately 782 million tons (FAOSTAT 2020). Rice pests, such as Nilaparvata lugens Stål, Nephotettix virescens Distant, Sogatella furcifera Horváth, Chilo suppressalis Walker, and Cnaphalocrocis medinalis Guenée, have been causing a severe impact on rice production, resulting in a potential 13% to 26% yield loss (Oerke 2006). Millions of dollars have been lost due to the N. lugens infestation in rice in Southeast Asia (Herdt 1991)

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